Terrorism is mainly driven by ideology which is nurtured by people who exploit communities or groups who feel they have lost a sense of agency or feel disillusioned and disenfranchised.
To counter the menace of terrorism what you need is a cultural change, this comes initially through a deep dive study into the drivers of terrorism - Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies have done some excellent research and authored working papers - many of which are available free of cost or for a small fee from most popular bookshops in Pakistan - their website can be found here:
https://www.pakpips.com/
Once you have an understanding of the drivers that cause people to move from "disillusioned and disenfranchised" to "disgruntled" through to the "activist" stage - this is the stage where you need to counter the toxic narrative though a number of
confidence building measures in the community which can range from inclusion in the democratic process and to build a sense of "ownership" for the communities and a unified identity.
Initially what is required once you have a
"bigger picture" is a working strategy which needs to consist of education, information, communication, prevention, protection, engagement and enforcement. Fighting ideas with guns and bombs never works in the long run. What is needed is to starve the vipers of their pool of potential recruits by wining hearts and minds and changing the sense of "us against them" narrative.
This is achieved through what is called ICE: Information, Communication, Education - this can be audio, visual, written or communicated through social mobilisers like the polio education scheme, Afterall terrorism and violent extremism is no different to any other pandemic.
The key here is "Early intervention" "Early intervention "Early intervention":
Only through achieving community
"buy-in" and active participation can you counter the menace of terrorism, deny terrorists the funding, freedom of movement and space to share their toxic ideology with a powerful full spectrum counter-terrorism and CVE (Countering Violent Extremism) strategy.
Such a program requires a broad spectrum of input from professionals from all walks of life ranging from humanitarians, community activists, educators, academics, legal professionals, health care (including mental health) professionals, law enforcement, military, and policy makers.
One successful model that I would like to seem adopted in Pakistan is the UK's CONTEST counter-terrorism strategy:
To give citizens a stake in countering terrorism both at the prevent and protect stage Pakistan should consider a program in-line with the popular "First Observer" scheme in the USA: