ghazi52
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'Khaffiristan slaves', Kabul, 1880. Photo-John Burke, 2nd Afghan War, 1880. Kafiristan (now Nuristan) border region of Afghanistan & North West Frontier. Kalash were pagan /shamanism /worshipped many deities; similarities with Zoroastrianism. Called 'Kaffirs' (infidels) by Muslims; persecuted & enslaved. Kaffirs' religious /cultural practises similar to Kalash of Chitral in Pakistan. Split by Durand Line in 1893. Afghan side Kaffirs were forcibly converted to Islam. Chitrali Kalash still pagans
Khan of Kalat, Baluchistan, India c1870s
In 1919 Afghanistan signed the Treaty of Rawalpindi, which ended the Third Anglo- Afghan War and marks Afghanistan’s official date of independence. Khyber point.
The line of communication to India through the Khyber Pass was of vital importance to Maj-General Roberts' field force in Kabul, and at first the Mohmand tribesmen of the Afghan frontier region were wary and only intermittently hostile. Dating from 1879, this photograph shows a working relationship between the Khan of Lalpura, the leading Mohmand chief, and, at his right shoulder, seated behind the rock, the British political officer in the Khyber, Captain (later Colonel Sir) Robert Warburton
Photo of Landi Kotal, a small town at the western edge of the Khyber Pass that traditionally marks the entrance to Afghanistan, during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. It is the highest point along the pass. Pictured here is the encampment of the 12,000-strong Peshawar Valley Field Force, under General Sir Samuel Browne (1824–1901), as it crossed the Khyber Pass on the march towards Kabul at the start of the war.
Thal fort Kuram Valley 1919. Third Afghan war.The Waziristan Militia mutinied. Major Guy Hamilton Russell, commander of the South Waziristan Militia, made a fighting withdrawal, but the garrison at Thal guarding the Kurram Pass was cut off. Although besieged and attacked by an Afghan army the Thal garrison held out for a week until it was relieved by a column from Peshawar under Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer. Possibly photographed by Pvt. A.E.Neal 2/6 Royal Sussex Regiment.