You’d be impressed how well Pakistan did with ToT sometimes, metallurgy is obviously not an easy task, but someone in the early 2000s was making very good decisions when it came to ToT at HIT, POF and now it seems even the PSM, despite the corruption issues that went with the 90B project.
The expertise received from Germany and France in this regard allowed Pakistan to make some stuff that one would never expect from a country with an industry so lacking (modern Fire control systems, and other tank related technology, France helped there. High quality gun barrels and small arms/ammo, Germany helped there).
India still has trouble making gun barrels and wasn’t able to develop a proper FCS system until the Arjun MK-1A finally came about. While Pakistan was making Gun barrels for Al-Khalids back in 2007 (not to mentioned larger barrels for M109s and even on the VT-4s now, the barrels are Pakistani, we replaced a Chinese component with a Pakistani one, I think that deserves a little more emphasis, that’s how much that ToT taught us) and made local upgrades to the original Al-Khalids FCS with French help, eventually leading to it making an entirely new 32 Bit FCS for the AK-1.
While Pakistan was making H&Ks firearms at a quality high enough that the actual factories in Germany were impressed, India was stuck with the INSAS. While Pakistan was making South Korean ammo for artillery that never once malfunctioned and designed its own DU penetator that performed better than the best Chinese round offered for service at the time, Indian soldiers were dying due to premature explosions caused by faulty ammo in artillery or were using Obsolete Soviet ammo for tanks (they still do).
Unfortunately they’re the ones improving now while we stand still, we’ve almost lost the lead we had.