The Mongols, Hannibal, Alexander, were all overlanders.
As were the Arabs who invaded Persia and India.
Also, what do you call the settlers who came by sea, on the eastern seaboard, and then moved across a continent over a hundred years and multiple generations? Seafarers or overlanders?
Cheers, Doc
that means one civilization was completely vanquished by another civilization due to excessive difference in human achievement and capabilities..and the new civilization claims the land...the survivors of the old civilization can make protestations till they die out or assimilated out of existence, but it won't matter much
by vanquishment of a civilization I primarily mean their thought processes, their way of looking at the world and interpreting Reality and Existence...
All worldviews/interpretations of Rerality are in a constant struggle with eachother till one becomes King of the Hill and the process restarts
I think its all to do with whether a culture assimilates and digests the alien life form, or continues to carry it as a tumor.
My personal theory is that unlike the previous waves over 5000 years, the assimilation and digestion of Muslim wave in India was interrupted by the British.
Hence what we see as the unnatural civilizational mutation on the subcontinent today.
Cheers, Doc
Fair point......I think I would agree and also make some observations
One way is to look at the History of the Middle East (Iraq,Syria,Kuwait,Jordan,Lebanon,Israel)
It was such an awe-inspiring stream/series of civilizations......But its most defining character would be that Invaders would come in from the Persian plateau,Zagros Mountains,Steppes,Armenia, they would establish rule over the populace, get assimilated and the process would repeat....Ibn Khaldun's Asabiyyah Theory...............But during that whole process from roughly 3500-3000 BCE to Achaemenid conquest , it was THE cultural and human achievement centre of the world ....the assimilation power of Middle East was stupendous
The Achaemenid and the subsequent Alexandrian conquest was something catastrophic, from which the Middle-East has not been able to recover for the last 2,300 years
It has been the plaything of other empires
one may see English conquest of the subcontinent , the same as Alexandrian conquest of the Middle East...everything kind of got fractured because of the immense body blow both Dharmic (Hindu/Buddhist) and Muslim views of the world suffered in the hands of Enlightenment Era Rationalist view of the world