As I have said before as well, mig 29k can take off at mtow from Vikramaditya. I can prove it if you want.
USN and Indian carriers are not comparable because of size and roles. USN carriers carry 3-4 squadrons of fighters versus 1 for us. They use strike fighters against we using fighter bombers. So while US fighters do require heavy loadout fighters, we don't since a fleet defence role doesn't require us to be armed to the teeth.
With the difference in roles comes the difference in doctrine. If US were to attack Karachi, they would simply bomb it till they can find any part of it above water, and then they will move in. We, on the other hand, will attack and destroy their ships defending the harbour and pull anchor a safe distance from their airfields and establish a BARCAP, waiting for their fighters to come into the carrier's air defence zone, while we sit tight, patiently waiting as Pakistan runs out of supplies