The Turkish town of Karkamis - just across the border from Jarablus - was evacuated as a precaution following earlier IS mortar attacks.
Turkey has vowed to "completely cleanse" IS from its border region, blaming the group for a bomb attack on a wedding that killed at least 54 people in Gaziantep on Saturday.
This is Turkey's first known ground incursion into Syria since a
brief operation to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah, a revered Ottoman figure, in February of last year.
The air strikes are Turkey's first inside Syria since the downing of a Russian jet in November.
Moscow and Ankara only mended ties in June after punitive Russian sanctions.
'A buffer against the Kurds'
An unnamed senior US official in Washington told BBC News before the start of the Turkish operation that it was "partly to create a buffer against the possibility of the Kurds moving forward".
Image copyrightREUTERS
Image captionKarakamis - which borders Jarablus - has been evacuated
Fighters from the Syrian Kurd YPG militia - the military wing of the PYD - led the battle to drive IS out of the strategic crossroads town of Manbij earlier this month.
Responding to news of the Turkish advance, PYD leader Saleh Moslem tweeted that Turkey was now in the "Syrian quagmire" and would be defeated like IS.
Image copyrightTWITTER
Turkey views the YPG as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), a Turkish-Kurdish rebel group fighting for autonomy since the 1980s, but the YPG is backed by the US as one of the most effective forces battling IS.
On Tuesday the YPG took control of most of the north-eastern Syrian city of Hassakeh after a truce reportedly brokered by Russia with Syrian government forces.
In Damascus, an official in the Syrian foreign ministry condemned the operation at Jarablus as a "blatant violation of its [Syria's] sovereignty".
President Erdogan said he would press Vice-President Biden for the extradition of US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, whom he blames for the coup attempt.
Image copyrightEPA
Image captionMr Biden (right) met Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim in Ankara
Image copyrightEPA
Image captionMr Biden was given a tour of damage to the Turkish parliament during the coup
Turkish media round on Biden
Several pro-government papers accuse Washington of dragging its heels after Turkey's call for the extradition of US-based Turkish cleric Fethullah Gulen. "Gulen's protector" says a headline in Aksam, which notes his "late" visit in the wake of last month's coup attempt.
Gunes newspaper says pointedly that "the Turkish government and 79 million Turks are waiting for concrete steps" from him, adding that "Biden will be... asked to behave like an ally".
The pro-government Star agrees that Mr Biden will have to explain US support for the "Fetullah Gulen Terrorist Organisation" (FETO). Karar says the visit will open a new chapter in bilateral ties but says Washington must show its support for Turkey.
Pro-government daily Milliyet publishes a column by Mr Biden himself where he praises Turks for thwarting the coup attempt. He also says that claims that Gulen's extradition is simply a political matter are "damaging" for bilateral ties.
Pinar Sevinclidir, BBC Monitoring's Turkish media analyst