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Pakistan prepares to launch third Azmat-class patrol vessel

Ridzwan Rahmat, Singapore - IHS Jane's Defence Weekly

15 September 2016

The third Azmat-class patrol vessel on order for the Pakistan Navy will be launched on 17 September 2016. Source: Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited

State-owned Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works Limited (KSEW) will launch an Azmat-class missile-capable patrol craft for the Pakistan Navy on 17 September.

The platform, which was laid down in August 2015, will be the country's third Azmat-class boat. First-of-class PNSAzmat (1013) was commissioned in June 2012, while second ship PNS Deshat (1014) was inducted in June 2014.

Contracts to acquire a third and fourth vessel were signed in June 2013 and June 2014 respectively. Construction of these platforms is being undertaken in collaboration with China's shipbuilding industry under an arrangement aimed at transferring technology to KSEW.

The Azmat class is based on the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN's) Houjian (Type 037/2)-class missile boat design. The 63 m vessel has a top speed of 30 kt, and a range of 1,000 n miles at 18 kt, according to IHS Jane's Fighting Ships.

The platform's offensive capabilities are provided by eight (two quad) launchers that are capable of deploying the C-802A surface-to-surface missile, a twin 37 mm gun mounting in the forward section, and a Type 630 30 mm close-in weapon system (CIWS) for defence against aerial threats.
 

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Military Capabilities

US Navy premieres assets at Australia's largest naval exercise

Ridzwan Rahmat, Singapore - IHS Jane's Navy International

15 September 2016

Key PointsThe US Navy is deploying assets for the first time in Australia's largest international naval exerciseDeployment is emblematic of the service's intention to enhance interoperability with Asia-Pacific navies

The US Navy (USN) has deployed the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Hopper (DDG 70) and a P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft to the international naval exercise 'Kakadu' hosted by Australia.

The deployment is in line with the service's aim of enhancing interoperability with navies in the wider Asia-Pacific region and is the first time that the USN has participated in the biennial naval drills, according to a 12 September statement. Hopper left Pearl Harbor in late August 2016.

'Kakadu' began in 1993 and is seeing its 13th iteration in 2016. The exercise runs from 12 to 23 September in Darwin, and begins with a harbour phase for planning and simulation.

This is then followed by a sea phase where naval assets from participating countries are divided into a number of multinational task groups according to various exercise scenarios. The drills will then culminate in a 'free play' scenario that pits task groups against one another.

"This year's exercise continues the trend of conducting more multinational maritime exercises in the region, and the training scenarios planned for 2016 will go a long way in increasing the interoperability of all navies participating", said Capt. H. B. Le, commodore, Destroyer Squadron, in a statement released by the USN on the exercise.

Other navies participating in 'Kakadu' for 2016 are Canada, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and Singapore.

Countries that have sent observer delegations include Fiji, India, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam.
 
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Since 1957Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited
IMS Certified

Marching towards Self Reliance – Launching of 3rd FAC(M) and Keel Laying of 600 tons Maritime Patrol Vessel at KS&EW



Launching ceremony of 3rd Fast Attack Craft (Missile); FAC (M), being built for Pakistan Navy, and Keel laying of 600 tons Maritime Patrol Vessel (MPV), being built for Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA), was held at KS&EW on 17 Sept 2016. Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah, Chief of the Naval Staff graced the occasion as Chief Guest.

In his address on the occasion, the Naval Chief highly appreciated the simultaneous launching of 3rd FAC(M) and Keel Laying of 600 tons MPV and said that the accomplishment of these diverse milestones is indeed a loud manifestation of the indigenization policy of the government especially attaining self reliance in defence capabilities. He further acknowledged that presently 3 vessels are being constructed at KS&EW with the technical collaboration of Pakistan’s time tested friend China.

While highlighting Pakistan’s geostrategic importance, Admiral Zakaullah emphasized that induction of these vessels would not only enhance operational capability of Pakistan Navy and PMSA but also go a long way in ensuring maritime peace and stability in the region. The Naval Chief also highlighted the significance of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for enhancing regional trade activity with Gwadar Port as the focal point. He underlined that accomplishment of CPEC will be a game changer with economic dividends not only for China and Pakistan but also for the entire region. “Providing a safe and secure maritime environment is pivotal to the success of CPEC and that Pakistan Navy is fully committed to this onerous task and a number of steps have been taken towards this end. The 3rd of the FAC(M) and MPVs, once fully operational, will contribute significantly towards ensuring maritime security in the area”, he said.

Earlier, MD KS&EW Rear Admiral Syed Hasan Nasir Shah, in his welcome address said that, presently KS&EW has number of shipbuilding orders and soon will be simultaneously constructing ships on all 3 slipways. While highlighting other production areas of KS&EW, he mentioned that graving docks are already booked for various ship repair activities till next year and recently established foundry has orders for 25 Sugar Mill Rollers, along with manufacturing of 7 cranes for Pakistan Railways. He informed that the Ship Lift & Transfer System is progressing satisfactorily and with its completion, KS&EW’s capacity of shipbuilding and ship repair would be enhanced from 5 to 18 ships at a time. This will significantly increase KS&EW revenue generation thereby enabling high tax return and resultantly more jobs.

The ceremony was attended by high ranking officials and dignitaries from China, Pakistan Navy, Government authorities and corporate sector.

Copyright [emoji767] 2013 All Rights Reserved.
 

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Since 1957
Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited
IMS Certified

CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 2 x 32 TBP TUGS FOR PAKISTAN NAVY



A contract for construction of 2 x 32 Tons Bollard Pull (TBP) tugs was signed between Ministry of Defence Production (MoDP) and Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works (KS&EW) on 10 June 2016. The said tugs will be built at KS&EW for Pakistan Navy, for which Kit of Material will be obtained from a South Korean firm. The tugs will provide services for berthing, dry movement, towing, etc of ships and other vessels of Pakistan Navy. These will be the second and third tugs of the series that will be built at KS&EW for Pakistan Navy.
 
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Vice Chief of the Naval Staff Vice Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Saddique HI(M) visited coastal area including Turbat, Makran, Jiwani and Ormara today to witness the operational readiness of PN Units exercising in the area.

During his visit, the Admiral was briefed regarding the operational readiness of the troops and associated security aspects at Gwadar port particularly with respect to CPEC project to thwart any conventional or asymmetric threats. He expressed Pakistan Navy resolve and commitment to ensure seaward defence of vital maritime infrastructure and protection of the maritime interests of Pakistan against all threats. The Admiral reiterated that Pakistan Navy is fully geared up to provide security to CPEC project and respond any nefarious intention by our adversary.

While talking to the officers and men, Vice Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Saddique HI(M) lauded their hard work, devotion and high morale in carrying out the onerous task of defending the maritime frontiers of the country. He further expressed satisfaction on operational preparedness of PN in area of responsibility.
 
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PN should work more on Pak Marines to give them Low-Medium-High Altitude Air Defence Systems along with Surface and something that can target submerged targets that appear near to shore...

I think we should see A Coastal Defence Service that may comprise of:
  • Pakistan Coast Guards
  • Pakistan Marines
  • Pakistan Maritime Security Agency
 
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HOT TOPICS

The Scorpene leaks


By Taj M Khattak

September 03, 2016

Print : Opinion

As the Indian Navy (IN) prepares for Golden Jubilee celebrations next year to commemorate induction of its first submarine in 1967, it was struck by a story in an Australian newspaper which disclosed that 22,400 pages of documents pertaining to its Scorpene submarine programme, code named Project-75, had been leaked. This has caused quite a stir in defence circles around the globe and raised many pertinent questions related to management of major projects in increasingly technical environments.

India contracted six submarines of this class from French manufacturer Direction des Constructions Navales Services (DCNS) in 1999 for $3.5 billion under which it was required to provide design and technology to the public sector Mazagon Docks at Mumbai, with an option to build six more. India is expecting to complete sea trials of the second submarine nine months later and induct it in service by end of 2017. The hulls of the remaining four submarines have been cast with plans to complete the program by the year 2020. The programme has lagged behind by many years as submarines of this type in most other navies which were contracted around the same time are nearing mid-life major refits.

The disclosure of sensitive information spanning over 22,400 pages is a gushing leak by any standards and covers many areas. The newspaper has claimed to be in possession of ten types of secret information which compromises the project and includes stealth capabilities of Scorpene class submarines, its various intelligence gathering frequencies, noise levels at different speeds, diving depths, range and endurance, magnetic, electromagnetic and Infra-red data, specifications of torpedo launch system, and combat system, speed and conditions for use of periscope, propeller noise specifications, radiated noise on surface and weapons data.

DCNS and the Indian Navy have both acknowledged that data has been leaked and have pointed fingers at their competitors. DCNS won a lucrative US$38 billion Australian contract (the largest single undertaking in the country’s history) for construction of 12 Short Fin Barracuda Block 1A type submarines which is a diesel-electric derivative of DCNS’s Barracuda class nuclear attack submarines in service with the French Navy.

The French government has 64 percent stakes in DCNS while the remaining shares are held by various commercial and private firms. There is now a growing trend among submarine operating navies all over the world to prefer customisation of their boats for reasons of cost and performance. In a complex project like submarine construction, where information pertaining to platform has to be exchanged for integration purposes, this carries significant risks for leakage of sensitive information as probably has happened in this case and therein lie some lessons to be learnt.

The secret stealth capabilities mentioned in the leaks pertain to the acoustic signatures of Scorpene submarine and are determined by such inputs as its self-noise level, propeller configuration, underwater speed regime, noise generated by onboard machinery and acoustic dampening techniques employed both inside the submarine and on the hull. The harmonics of a submarine are not a constant. They vary from vessel to vessel and change after every major refit, so the figures have to be measured afresh with special equipment on different occasions.

Like all diesel-electric submarines, Scorpene needs to come to periscope depth at least once in 24 every hours to recharge its batteries using diesel engines which increases risks of detection of its snorkel by aerial surveillance and increased radiated noise levels of diesel engines can be picked up by sonar arrays. The ratio between time of vulnerability and total operating time is around 10 percent for conventional submarines.

To stay underwater for longer periods and lessen its vulnerability, Scorpene submarines, like Pakistan Navy Agosta 90-Bs, can be equipped with an air independent propulsion system (AIP) but it increases the length of the vessel by eight meters and tonnage by nearly 300 tons. The Indian Navy has planned this modification for fifth and sixth construction and is considering an indigenous system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO).

The Scorpene submarines are known to be quieter due to different hull construction and placement of onboard machinery according to the methodology used in nuclear submarines. The redacted noise data in the leaks is a function of submarine speed. Navies spell out decibel limits for noise at various speeds to the manufacturer as an important requirement.

Knowing how much noise a submarine makes underwater and on what frequencies,can be very advantageous tactically. The kind of information contained in these leaks has been described by some experts as the ‘stuff of a navy’s nightmare’. India’s claim of its ability to ‘tweak the fundamentals of designs’ in complex constructions like submarine appear exaggerated.

The data about propeller noise is generic but serves as a good reference. Once in operation, every propeller generates its own harmonics of noise at different speeds and depths and varying bathy conditions. The Scorpene submarines are fitted with ‘cavitation meters’ to measure noise level to help ascertain most suitable profile for silent loitering. Noise management, however, loses its significance in a hot tactical situation requiring timely positioning for an attack.

The information pertaining to Electromagnetic Support Measures (ESM) is not new as it is standard in most parts of the world. In any case it would be a death knell for a submarine to transmit on any of its emitters in war – complete silence is practised all the time during peace time.

The information on electromagnetic and infra-red would also serve as a good base reference though the Indian Navy has an underwater demagnetisation range at Goa; the leaked figures would almost certainly change after demagnetisation. The Pakistan Navy has extensive experience of MAD (magnetic anomaly detector) runs by its LRMP (long range maritime patrol) aircraft over submarine probability areas and it should be an interesting contest when the Indian Scorpene starts exercising in the Indian Ocean.

India has procured 36 MBDA SM-39 Exocet anti-ship missiles to arm its Scorpene submarines (six for each unit). It is launched from a torpedo tube in a water-tight launcher capsule.

This weapons system, designed to attack small to medium size warships, has been in use with Pakistan Navy for years. The leaked data is interesting since it reflects the number of targets the missile is capable of processing, its launch details and how many targets can be downloaded by its submarine tactical integration combat system (SUBTICS) before firing. This is something which should be genuinely worrisome for India. Interestingly it contradicts the Indian defence minister’s earlier statement that no weapons system details were revealed. The good news for India however is that ‘source code’ of SUBTICS has not been compromised or at least not yet leaked if it has been.

The Exocet causes extensive superstructure damage to a warship and can knock it off operation, but rarely sinks it. On the other hand, a ship hit by an underwater torpedo containing much larger quantity of explosives, rarely survives the attack. India cancelled procurement of Black Shark anti-torpedo for its Scorpene submarines from Italian firm WASS after a VVIP helicopter bribery scandal surfaced. From an intelligence point of view, as and when it selects a new torpedo and integrates it with SUBTICS only then would the ‘loaded’ specifications of its combat system be useful.

Without a torpedo as its main anti-ship weapon, a submarine might as well be the Beatles version of the ‘Yellow submarine’. But this is certainly not to suggest any complacency. At 22,400 pages, the sheer volume of Scorpene submarines leaks is so huge that a thorough scrutiny is an absolute imperative.

The writer is a retired vice admiral.Email:tajkhattak@ymail.com





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