VCheng
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Brain drain is a contributing factor.......and yes...the lack of association with the country.......and the doom gloom mentality .. and government....(let me explain)
There is one example in my close family...A cousin of mine appeared for entrance exams for Pakistan atomic energy commission..She was brilliant,passed the tests and went all the way up to M.phil in Nuclear Physics...Then was sent to USA for P.Hd in Nuclear Physics..and was exceptionally brilliant,was offered a job by some American big wig...She was under contract by GOP...If she decided to leave Pakistan Atomic energy commission,she was liable to pay back the amount spent on her..
She took the oppertunity,started working with the American big wig,and with the ubber wages she got,she paid back GOP.
Then met another Pakistani-American Physicist and married him...Two genius minds joined hands and started research on solar cells...Invented certain other things and sold the patent to sony...got big grants from sony on their solar cell project...and sold patents to sony again.....
The patent on solar cells were US only,so they moved to Malaysia and now building solar cells for some malaysian company.
I asked them why they didnt do all this in Pakistan ..
Their answers were "pAKISTAN KAA KUCH PATA NAHI,PATA NAHI KABB KHATAM HO JAEY" Doon gloom mentality
"Pakistan ki government kuch nahi kertee" A total lack of confidence in whoever is ruling the country
"Pakistan main hameen kisee nay poochna nahi thha" as in recognized and rewarded them....A lack of belonging and association with country.....Mainly instigated by lower earnings of such people...
Then on the other hand i had a chance to work with soviets or ex soviets.....They were rocket engineers,and hovercraft engineers,and aced at their trade...I asked them....that with such great talent why didnt they immigrate to some other country and earn more money,as i knew they were on meager wages..Their answer was 1."Mother Russia needs us"....and 2."Communists are not welcomed in western world"
We may not reach the paart where we will reject a job offer in the west saying "Mother Pakistan needs us"...but surely we are reaching stage No.2...We Muslims will soon be disliked and disparaged in the west and even east that we will be isolated to our own countries and will have no option but to work for our own countries...and that will be good...Our great minds will stay home,wont be able to immigrate and Muslim world will rise in science and technolgy.
To be fair, it is more than just the reasons you mention. Would your cousin have been able to do all that research in Pakistan into solar panels? Would she have been able to rely on a legal system that could provide her research with patent protections? Even with a patent, would she have been able to commercialize the patents?
Why waste a brilliant mind and deprive the world at large of her creativity? Recall that Abdus Salam was rejected for an assistant professor post in GC Lahore, and look at what he achieved when he was given the correct environment for his talent.