Iranian Air Defense Systems

[Mr Iran Eye]

This is multi purpose engagement radar with integrated FCS,early warning,search and acquisition radar are dedicated systems you can integrate with different kind of air defense systems....So you have Kasta 2E for example,it is used with BUK,TOR...and many other as search and acquisition radar...In other words,you can used any radar for that...but for this system they will use something with greater range...AD work like this....You have early warning and search radar scan 360 degree in azimuth... Than when target is detected, they alert fire position and provide azimuth,velocity, speed...etc to them so they can direct engagement radar which will than be turned on in sector mode and after it detect target,they will lock on and fire...This can all be set in auto mode,in integrated network ...You use different radars for search and target data acquisition.... Engagement sector radars are much powerful than search and acquisition radars but they have narrow wave snop...any way,there are multipurpose radars capable for more than one role,but you want to have many different radars in system...


So,basically Iran has bunch of different radars, truth is I don't know country with so many different radars in inventory... They will probably integrate these in to existing AD network...,they can use any existing radars in combination with these system. Any way engagement 6 target in same time is very good actuality, and that is 6 targets per one system.Buk can engage 4 per system,S-300PMU1 can 6 also but you can add multiple systems.. In fact that is how SAMs are deployed... In batteries, puk,battalion, brigade,divisions....etc

Thank you for your intelligent comment. Exactly Iran is incredible in radar diversity. It can be said that Iran is part of the club of the 4 largest power network air defense system in the world.

Russia
The USA
China
Iran

With the official arrival of Bavar 373 and an Iranian pantsir. Iran will be at the common air power defense system

 

[925boy]

Iran delivery to Army Khatam al-Anbia Air defence base ‘Khordad 15th’ air defense system, with Sayyad-3 missile
https://tn.ai/2028057

Wow, even i am very shocked at the rate of development of Iranian air defense equipment. I remember very clearly, what felt like not too long ago(prolly 5-10 years ago)all Iran had were HAWKS and S200s. Now Iran is fielding systems that global powers either 1) used as leverage over Iran or 2) delayed delivery off or 3)dont sell to "non-compliant" developing countries. wow, its quite amazing.

 

[PeeD]

The 15th Khordad is the cost-effectiveness and high altitude king. Previously the Sayyad-2---Najam-802 and then the Sayyad-2---Najm-802B had that title.


I need to clear up some points:


It is not directly comparable to S-300PM/Patriot or Bavar-373 like systems. It will remain restricted to that 45km range with the cost-effective Sayyad-2. I won't detail why it is restricted to 45km despite the Sayyad-2 being capable of 75km.


Iran needs a cover for the high altitude envelope in all its major IADS locations and cities. A city will not be larger than the 90km circle it protects.


Its radar is literally magnitudes cheaper than a Patriot engagement radar, or the new $300 million G/ATOR (a high power S-band AESA). It will be much cheaper than a S-300PM series engagement radar.


So lets make a calculation:


+ It protects a whole city

- It will never do the job of the Bavar-373 in terms of area protection


+ The TWS based low power S-band concept is magnitudes or at least significantly cheaper than those X-band systems

- 45km is the limit


+ It may have no command post, due to the simplicity of the system and miniaturization.

- No complex SAGG-like guidance to drastically reduce enemy ECM efforts.


+ The high power Sayyad-2 SAM can cover highest altitudes within its 45km range, at high kinematic state (high PK)

- Again, 45km is the limit


+ Footprint extremely low: Commercial truck based (whole) system, no CP and sealed canister based missile system.


+ Low EM footprint: Low power S-band AESA with LPI modes and beam forming



In war scenarios possible for Iran, it's IADS will be the key target. Once it has lost its high altitude layer, safe neutralization of the rest of the IADS can be done at high altitude, even with cheap drones.

To avoid this scenario, the 15th Khordad would be the key.

The IRGC tried to do this with huge efforts from 1985-2010 with the HQ-2/Sayyad-1. A huge and complex system, without the necessary numbers.

This role can now also be performed by the IRIADF with the 15th Khordad.

Now a last word: A 15th Khordad with 3 launcher trucks wont cost Iran more than between $5-15 million. Now compare it with the costs of a high altitude system, capable of 6 simultaneous engagements and 45km range.

Most systems of that class will offer more than 45km range (often at lower kinematic PK), but they normally cost at least 10 times as much.

10 times then applies to the 15th Khordad --> Iran can get 10 times the amount of systems. 10 times is good and needed for a country with the size of Iran. Bear in mind:

- No CP means the system has low trained personell requirements

- Sealed solid fuel canister SAM means low, maintenance and long stand-by time


So in total, it's the (at least) 10 multiplier in front of this system that makes the difference.

Credit goes to the IRGC-ASF: The 15th Khordad is just the first name officially announced, the original (little larger) system was already around much earlier.

Plus the miracle of the unique guidance concept: They were not foolish to try their luck with a ARH seeker Sayyad variant, as they knew that would not work out well enough economically.

The day they decide to get a ARH Sayyad for it, is the day in which the 15th Khordad will get a longer range than 45km and the day in which the missile will cost 2-3 times as much than the older 45km rated one. That means your whole SAM inventory would be down to 30% just for having 100km or so instead of 45km (at lower kinematic PK).

It may would be better to let the enemy aircraft approach the city and launch a salvo of 3 Sayyad-2 at a high kinematic state at the single target…

Such considerations are very important here.

 

[VEVAK]

Interesting note: this Najm heritage radars like the 15th Khordad Navid are not like similar S-band AESAs like that of the Iron Dome. They use much cheaper to produce TRMs.
To achieve the necessary performance of the almost double size Najm-802, it uses extensive cooling. Look at those flexible coolant pipes and large heat exchangers at the rear.

This allows higher power levels of lower rated TRMs. That's the key to being able to acquire them in the necessary numbers.

So are you saying that they are using off the shelf high powered 2-4GHz transmitters & receivers on a systems that has been mechanically tweaked to handle higher outputs and range?

I wonder how much more capable this system is compared to the 3rd of Khordad (Upgraded with SD-3 Missiles) since the 3rd of Khordad would naturally be able to go operational at a much faster pace and can clear out at a much faster pace.

All and all if you could provide the proper security in development and production, it looks like a great mobile, low footprint system to have if you have and can maintain a good Air Defense network, that could task each unit with the proper designated target(s) before going radar on. That's if we can produce them in sufficient numbers.

 

[PeeD]

So are you saying that they are using off the shelf high powered 2-4GHz transmitters & receivers on a systems that has been mechanically tweaked to handle higher outputs and range?

I wonder how much more capable this system is compared to the 3rd of Khordad (Upgraded with SD-3 Missiles) since the 3rd of Khordad would naturally be able to go operational at a much faster pace and can clear out at a much faster pace.

All and all if you could provide the proper security in development and production, it looks like a great mobile, low footprint system to have if you have and can maintain a good Air Defense network, that could task each unit with the proper designated target(s) before going radar on. That's if we can produce them in sufficient numbers.

3rd Khordad is certainly the more expensive and more potent system compared to the 15th Khordad.
3rd Khordad has a high power X-band ESA illuminator that enables a attack at a extend range of 105km. No compromise on performance for it.

Also note the intended leak made in the video:

The system does a automatic signal analysis:
In worst case it is just a return signal signature analysis.
In best case it does a doppler signal analysis of the engine inlet, combined with a database RCS-aspect model comparison.
If feed by a multi-band comparison from IADS side, all this data can be fused with advanced algorithms to distinguish the real target from decoys and chaff/cutter or even identify which target it is (IFF and kill allocation).
But this intended leak was already done when the Najm-802---SD-2 was shown years ago and 3rd Khordad a while ago. Time to talk about it openly now after a third display of this feature.

Plus another important + for the 15th Khordad:
It is impossible for the target to know that an attack is inbound due to illumination or ARH seeker activation. A last warning would be received when it is too late for any evasive maneuver. Only an optical/IR warning system can help here as the missile is already "cold" and has no smoke signature.
This adds to the silent nature of this system.

 

[gambit]

PLZ do educate me tell me what you know. all of it , tell me your analysis on the system

Here we go...And we will start with the standard single beam, single antenna, pulsed system architecture that is common to %90 of the world's radars -- military and civilian.

The single beam, single antenna, pulsed system architecture is called 'mono-static'. The main advantages of this architecture are modularity, flexibility, and mobility. This design is found on land and air. Even with the advent of the ESA radar, most of the world's radars are still mechanically scanned, meaning the antenna actually sweeps from side/side or up/down (nodding).

When the beam contacts a body, assuming %100 return for ease of discussion, the body becomes a target and is assigned a memory physical space. As the beam sweeps away from the target, the radar computer have only that memory physical space to remember that it has a target. As the beam contacts another body, the new body is assigned a memory physical space, and so on. As the beam sweeps back and if those bodies are still within the beam, all targets are updated with new memory physical spaces.

To 'track' a body is to simply update the target with new physical memory locations.

To 'target' a body is to devote more memory allocation to that target to enhance these four target resolutions:

- Altitude
- Speed
- Heading
- Aspect angle

And because the body is airborne, the update requires more memory.

This is why the quantity of targets is always lower than the quantity of tracks -- memory availability.

With the common single beam, single antenna, pulsed system architecture, there is no such thing as 'simultaneous' target tracking. There is only ONE beam. It is a virtual track, not a true real-time track.

With the AESA system, there is a true multi-track/targeting capability but that is for another explanation.

 

[Hack-Hook]

The 15th Khordad is the cost-effectiveness and high altitude king. Previously the Sayyad-2---Najam-802 and then the Sayyad-2---Najm-802B had that title.


I need to clear up some points:


It is not directly comparable to S-300PM/Patriot or Bavar-373 like systems. It will remain restricted to that 45km range with the cost-effective Sayyad-2. I won't detail why it is restricted to 45km despite the Sayyad-2 being capable of 75km.


Iran needs a cover for the high altitude envelope in all its major IADS locations and cities. A city will not be larger than the 90km circle it protects.


Its radar is literally magnitudes cheaper than a Patriot engagement radar, or the new $300 million G/ATOR (a high power S-band AESA). It will be much cheaper than a S-300PM series engagement radar.


So lets make a calculation:


+ It protects a whole city

- It will never do the job of the Bavar-373 in terms of area protection


+ The TWS based low power S-band concept is magnitudes or at least significantly cheaper than those X-band systems

- 45km is the limit


+ It may have no command post, due to the simplicity of the system and miniaturization.

- No complex SAGG-like guidance to drastically reduce enemy ECM efforts.


+ The high power Sayyad-2 SAM can cover highest altitudes within its 45km range, at high kinematic state (high PK)

- Again, 45km is the limit


+ Footprint extremely low: Commercial truck based (whole) system, no CP and sealed canister based missile system.


+ Low EM footprint: Low power S-band AESA with LPI modes and beam forming



In war scenarios possible for Iran, it's IADS will be the key target. Once it has lost its high altitude layer, safe neutralization of the rest of the IADS can be done at high altitude, even with cheap drones.

To avoid this scenario, the 15th Khordad would be the key.

The IRGC tried to do this with huge efforts from 1985-2010 with the HQ-2/Sayyad-1. A huge and complex system, without the necessary numbers.

This role can now also be performed by the IRIADF with the 15th Khordad.

Now a last word: A 15th Khordad with 3 launcher trucks wont cost Iran more than between $5-15 million. Now compare it with the costs of a high altitude system, capable of 6 simultaneous engagements and 45km range.

Most systems of that class will offer more than 45km range (often at lower kinematic PK), but they normally cost at least 10 times as much.

10 times then applies to the 15th Khordad --> Iran can get 10 times the amount of systems. 10 times is good and needed for a country with the size of Iran. Bear in mind:

- No CP means the system has low trained personell requirements

- Sealed solid fuel canister SAM means low, maintenance and long stand-by time


So in total, it's the (at least) 10 multiplier in front of this system that makes the difference.

Credit goes to the IRGC-ASF: The 15th Khordad is just the first name officially announced, the original (little larger) system was already around much earlier.

Plus the miracle of the unique guidance concept: They were not foolish to try their luck with a ARH seeker Sayyad variant, as they knew that would not work out well enough economically.

The day they decide to get a ARH Sayyad for it, is the day in which the 15th Khordad will get a longer range than 45km and the day in which the missile will cost 2-3 times as much than the older 45km rated one. That means your whole SAM inventory would be down to 30% just for having 100km or so instead of 45km (at lower kinematic PK).

It may would be better to let the enemy aircraft approach the city and launch a salvo of 3 Sayyad-2 at a high kinematic state at the single target…

Such considerations are very important here.

The problem is that the enemy aircrafts won't come near the city . if you want to get the picture look at Syria.

So are you saying that they are using off the shelf high powered 2-4GHz transmitters & receivers on a systems that has been mechanically tweaked to handle higher outputs and range?

I wonder how much more capable this system is compared to the 3rd of Khordad (Upgraded with SD-3 Missiles) since the 3rd of Khordad would naturally be able to go operational at a much faster pace and can clear out at a much faster pace.

All and all if you could provide the proper security in development and production, it looks like a great mobile, low footprint system to have if you have and can maintain a good Air Defense network, that could task each unit with the proper designated target(s) before going radar on. That's if we can produce them in sufficient numbers.

Well if we consider SA-11 as a measure it take up to 5 min to make 3rd of khordad battle ready and for 15th of Khordad they said it's also 5 min to make it ready so I don't think 3rd of K hordad is faster than 15th of Khordad.

 

[Sineva]

First get your facts straight.

S-300PMU2 can engage 6 targets at once (12 missiles total - 2 per target).

Patriot system can track 9 outbound Patriot missiles.

This system can do 6 targets (unknown how many missiles total given system was shown of with two launchers max might be 8 missiles)

So it really depends what engagement radar this system is paired with.

I’d say the stats are suitable and in line with modern Air defense systems.

Actually there are various different sources online that give the number of possible target engagements ranging from as low as 6 to a high of 36.The reason why I tend to doubt the claim of 6 is twofold,for a start the s300ps deployed into service way back in 1982 had the capability to engage 6 targets with 12 missiles,and secondly and more importantly there was an article written back in 2009 by 3 of the almaz-antey staff,two of whom were in fact chief designers,which gave some of the basic performance data for the pmu2.In the article the claimed maximum number of targets that can be engaged is not 6,nor is it even 24,it is in fact 36[!!].
However you`re quite right about the fire control radar making a lot of the difference when it comes to the performance of the system.Now it could be that this is simply the less technologically demanding radar system thats just been put into production first with the possibility of software or processor upgrades to improve its performance in the near future,as many of the performance upgrades for both the patriot and s300 came about thru improved software and processor power.It could be that this system is only intended to back up the bavar and to deal with any leakers which have survived and got past it,or it could be intended to be a cheap system that can be deployed in large numbers with the promise of future upgrades greatly improving its overall capabilities.Ultimately theres still a hell of a lot that we dont know about this system and its intended uses and deployments.
Now dont get me wrong,I happen to think that the rest of the quoted specs are actually quite good and are pretty much in line with what I was expecting from a medium range system.

You can find the almaz-antey article reprinted here:
https://www.valka.cz/clanek_13084.html
[its a czech site so you`ll need google trans or something similar]

 

[Arminkh]

Not sure why do these guys bother to even write anything!

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/b...aft-missile-system-wont-shoot-down-f-35-62107

He has written all these to say Sayyad 3 is probably copy of foreign tech even though he doesn't say why or which foreign tech he is referring to and then say without any reasoning : Sayyad 3 will probably prove to be not much of a deterrent against US!

I guess the only good thing about this is that Iran's AD is also starting to grab attention of people outside Iran just like its ballistic missiles.

 

[Mr Iran Eye]

Not sure why do these guys bother to even write anything!

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/b...aft-missile-system-wont-shoot-down-f-35-62107

He has written all these to say Sayyad 3 is probably copy of foreign tech even though he doesn't say why or which foreign tech he is referring to and then say without any reasoning : Sayyad 3 will probably prove to be not much of a deterrent against US!

I guess the only good thing about this is that Iran's AD is also starting to grab attention of people outside Iran just like its ballistic missiles.

An article of an American lost in space who speculates but knows absolutely nothing. It smells of fear !!

 

[Mithridates]

Not sure why do these guys bother to even write anything!

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/b...aft-missile-system-wont-shoot-down-f-35-62107

He has written all these to say Sayyad 3 is probably copy of foreign tech even though he doesn't say why or which foreign tech he is referring to and then say without any reasoning : Sayyad 3 will probably prove to be not much of a deterrent against US!

I guess the only good thing about this is that Iran's AD is also starting to grab attention of people outside Iran just like its ballistic missiles.

i said this before we are under propaganda attack, do you remember when MOD unveiled qaher the same so called specialists said that it can carry up to 2*2000 lb bombs then they started to mock us and saying that iran says it can carry two mark-84 bombs.
like the analizes on su-57 and j-20 that confidently states their RCS number, i'm sure putin himself does not know pak-fa RCS number.
the truth is iran achieved more than their allies in region while being heavily sanctioned and because of our enmity they won't admit it. the problem is people look at their media out put and trust them, like the PDF kids that quote of them without looking at their speciality at that matter, the author i mentioned before that mocked qaher was a global politic PHD. !!!

 

[Sina-1]

Not sure why do these guys bother to even write anything!

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/b...aft-missile-system-wont-shoot-down-f-35-62107

He has written all these to say Sayyad 3 is probably copy of foreign tech even though he doesn't say why or which foreign tech he is referring to and then say without any reasoning : Sayyad 3 will probably prove to be not much of a deterrent against US!

I guess the only good thing about this is that Iran's AD is also starting to grab attention of people outside Iran just like its ballistic missiles.

Even though you said it was garbage, I had to check it out. Wow! He really couldn’t find a more suitable premise for that conclusion?

 

[Sineva]

Not sure why do these guys bother to even write anything!

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/b...aft-missile-system-wont-shoot-down-f-35-62107

He has written all these to say Sayyad 3 is probably copy of foreign tech even though he doesn't say why or which foreign tech he is referring to and then say without any reasoning : Sayyad 3 will probably prove to be not much of a deterrent against US!

I guess the only good thing about this is that Iran's AD is also starting to grab attention of people outside Iran just like its ballistic missiles.

LOL!,Yes,the author of this piece[P.O.S] also quotes a "researcher" at the notorious fdd,the foundation for the defence of dicatorships...er..I mean "democracies"[lol!].
Basically its just more dreck,tho I`m sure dr goebbels would be proud to see his legacy being upheld.

 

[PeeD]

The problem is that the enemy aircrafts won't come near the city . if you want to get the picture look at Syria.

Each major city has one missile base in Iran.
The enemy is forced to take them out, otherwise they just keep on firing.

Hence the 15th Khordad protects a 90km circle around the missile base and population center.
Up to 18km altitude can be covered by HAWK/Mersad. Where the 15th Khordad is best suited is the 10-25km altitude regime where in future expandable enemy drones will operate. Such future stealth drones are the ideal/main targets for the 15th Khordad and its natural anti-stealth capabilities.

Glide weapons will almost never reach a target from 45km so to avoid it stand-off weapons are necessary and they have to be rock-penetrating ones to have an useful effect on the missile bases.

A 15th Khordad with 3 x 4 missiles at each city will complement the HAWK/Mersad batteries there and effectively be a kind of "base defense".
Talash-2/3 will do longer range coverage with the Sayyad-3 and S-200 stand-off defense of the major missile/population centers.
IRGC's own Najm---SD2 batteries, replacing old HQ-2 will additionally protect their missile bases.
S-300PMU2 will do the ABM defense of the centers and secondary stand-off protection against air targets.

Outside these systems then Iran has its hunting systems: Raad, Tabas, Mobile-Mersad and 3rd Khordad. These will spread outside those missile/population centers and try to kill enemy packages intended for the centers. The will create a continuous threat that forces the enemy into a high-threat operation behavior.
I don't talk about the mid and low altitude envelope, there Iran has all kinds of assets...

To all of this the Bavar-373 will add up. Complementing the ABM and stand-off defenses of the centers. Most importantly it will allow those hunting systems to get an area protection themselves that could eventually lead to an area defense all around Irans borders if 20+ Bavar-373 batteries become operational one day.
Off-road capable Bavar-373 would operate outside the centers and cover the smaller hunting systems that do the bulk of the engagements.

So in this IADS concept, the 15th Khordad is no front-line system, but a second-line support system of Irans offensive missile system. It can of course be used outside that role but there, front-line systems like the 3rd Khordad are much better.

For Iran, there is a good chance of the scenario in which its enemy is forced to take out a 15th Khordad protected missile base at any cost, without time for a SEAD/DEAD campaign. In such desperate situations frontal attacks are likely and 15th Khordad gives Iran the numbers it needs to defend against it. Not too long ago such centers just had a 1-2 channel HAWK and a single channel HQ-2 to fend off a mid to high altitude attack, each 15th Khordad alone now has 6 channels and 12 ready to fire missiles.
So a Israeli hit and run scenario like in Syria would not be the main concern there.

PS: just to bust some myths: 15th Khordad will not engage low-subsonic glide PGMs. They almost never can hit a 45km distant target and are easy targets for Irans cost effective automatic AAA systems. Higher capability stand-off weapons and ARMs will also be mainly a target for protecting low altitude systems.
Hence saturation is not easy: The 15th Khordad will concentrate on the targets it is designed for: air breathing, manned and unmanned stealth targets at 10-25km altitude regime.

 

[Hack-Hook]

So a Israeli hit and run scenario like in Syria would not be the main concern there.

PS: just to bust some myths: 15th Khordad will not engage low-subsonic glide PGMs. They almost never can hit a 45km distant target and are easy targets for Irans cost effective automatic AAA systems. Higher capability stand-off weapons and ARMs will also be mainly a target for protecting low altitude systems.
Hence saturation is not easy: The 15th Khordad will concentrate on the targets it is designed for: air breathing, manned and unmanned stealth targets at 10-25km altitude regime.

well if you look at GBU-39

All SDB I variants
more than 60 nmi (110 km)[6]
SDB II (GBU-53/B)
45 miles (72km) against moving targets[9]

you see they can still use hit and run tactics unless Bavar become operational and we also protect systems like Bavar , 15th khordad and Talash with lots of short range air defense system right now our strategy is to engage those bombs a their target and that's the problem if you fail at those several seconds ,its the end for the target but if you engage the target several time in its path the chance of failure is reduced and it make enemy have no choice and come closer and get in the range of your defense