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Sidenote:
PMIK really needs to stop running his mouth extemporaneously on every topic, how about focusing on doing your job as a civil servant instead of trying to do moral policing.
Let's try to bring police reform, judicial reform, and health reform before we start tackling huge philosophical debates. No one has patience for the kind of sophistry he does when women are facing violence every day and there's a child sexual abuse epidemic in the country.
Regards,
Did you even listen to what he said? Did he said anything about women dress or blame rape victims?
'Rape cannot be tackled through legislation alone'
Rape tied to 'fahaashi' — vulgarity
'Higher rapes due to proliferation of pornography'
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Did PM Imran Khan really say rape is linked to how women dress?
By
Shahjahan Khurram
Friday Apr 09, 2021
Prime Minister Imran Khan answers questions from callers. Photo: PMO YouTube
Prime Minister Imran Khan has been facing severe criticism for the past couple of days, with many people accusing him of victim-blaming women who have experienced rape and sexual violence.
What happened?
The controversy arose from a public question and answer session hosted by the prime minister on Sunday, April 3.
The prime minister took calls from the general public and answered their questions on important matters. These included corruption, unemployment, inflation, the coronavirus and Pakistan’s economic conditions.
Play Video
During the session, Arshad Khan from Latifabad, Hyderabad, called the prime minister to ask him what “you and your team” have done about the rising incidence of sexual violence and rape, especially targeting minors.
The caller asked PM Imran Khan if he was satisfied with the steps his government had taken to curb incidences of sexual violence and why no culprit had been hanged publicly for the offence yet.
“Because perpetrators of these crimes do not deserve any sort of relaxation,” concluded the caller.
In response, PM Imran Khan said: “Arshad, you’ve talked about an issue which gives me a lot of pain.”
“[Sexual] crimes against children and [the crime of] rape against women reported in newspapers — they are very, I mean — [they] are not even 1% of what happens,” he said, alluding to the fact that very few of these violent crimes are actually being reported.
“This [the incidence of sexual violence] has rapidly spread in society. It was always present, but previously people did not talk about it [openly] due to shame. Now, more people are having a conversation about it,” he said.
“Hence we should not be mistaken [about the number of cases] — a lot of such cases happen, [of] sexual violence against children and rape," he said, remarking on the severity of the malaise.
'Rape cannot be tackled through legislation alone'
"I want to say one thing about this: just like corruption, you cannot eliminate this simply by making laws.
“We have introduced very strict laws. The rape ordinance that our government has introduced contains very harsh penalties against those who sexually assault children and commit rape. It [the ordinance] is very stern, but it alone will not be enough to fight [sexual violence]. Society as a whole will have to [play a part],” he stressed.
The prime minister said many battles are fought by society together, adding that a government can introduce laws but if people don’t obey them, they will not serve any purpose.
“How many people can you arrest?” he asked.
“It is society which has to decide that this is [a cause of our] destruction,” he said.
Rape tied to 'fahaashi' — vulgarity
The prime minister then addressed the reasons which, according to him, were behind the rising cases of rape and sexual violence in Pakistan.
“If you keep on increasing ‘
fahaashi’ (vulgarity) in any society, it will ultimately have an [adverse] effect,” he said.
“Why does our religion forbid [vulgarity] — the whole concept of
pardah, why is it there? So that there is no temptation in society,” he added.
This comment, in particular, was widely interpreted as the prime minister tying rape to how women dress — whereas the term '
pardah' is understood in Islam to refer to both men and women guarding their modesty.
'Higher rapes due to proliferation of pornography'
“Not every person has the strength or willpower," the prime minister continued. "If you keep on increasing
fahaashi in society and not take precautions against it, it will have effects."
The prime minister went on to recall his own life experiences in the UK, saying that English society when he first went there was quite different from what it has become now.
“[The lifestyle of] sex, drugs and rock n roll was just starting out. Gradually, we saw that
fahaashi increased there — at first there used to be adults-only films, and the content of those adults-only films later started spreading everywhere and got space on the [mainstream] media as well,” he said.
“As a result, it had a direct impact on their family system,” he continued. “When I went there, one couple in 17 used to get divorced. Today, the divorce rate [in the UK] has reached 70% and it is on the rise,” the premier stated.
He also complained that ever since Bollywood started “adopting” Hollywood, "the same situation is developing in India as well".
“Delhi is known as the rape capital,” he said.
The prime minister said there are a lot of decisions that society, as a whole, has to ponder upon.
“There are a lot of things that we [the government] cannot control, such as films [produced in] other countries — Bollywood or Hollywood movies that you see on the TV,” he said.
He recalled how Bollywood films had "drastically changed" from what they were in those days to “what they have become now”.
“It is bound to have an effect,” he said. “What our religion tells us — this concept of
pardah — it had some philosophy behind it,” added PM Imran Khan.
He explained that the philosophy behind
pardah is “to save the family system and protect society from these things”.
Turning his attention to what he saw was a related issue, the premier said mobile phones were causing "the biggest damage" in society.
“Children now have access to material these days that they never had before in human history,” he said. “Hence we need a holistic approach [to tackle this problem].”
“What I am trying to say is that we [the government] will make laws against this [sexual violence], but we all have to [collectively] fight it. It is a cancer spreading among our society on a very large scale and is being reported on a very small level. We all have to battle against it,” he concluded.
Controversy on social media following PM Imran's comments
Following the prime minister's remarks, his video clip addressing rising incidences of rape went viral on social media, with many saying the prime minister had blamed women and the way they dress for inciting rapes.
Screenshots of various news outlets covering the reaction to PM Imran Khan's comments on rising instances of rape and sexual violence.
A number of international news outlets, such as
BBC News,
Al-Jazeera,
CBS News,
The Indian Express,
Sky News and
The Daily Mail and others took headlines that suggested that the premier had linked a rise in rape cases across Pakistan to how women dress.
"Pakistan’s Prime Minister Links Rape to ‘Vulgarity’ and How Women Dress," read the headline of the
New York Times (NYT).
"
Outrage after Pakistan PM Imran Khan links rise in rape cases with how women dress," said Indian news website
Scroll's headline.
"
Imran Khan criticised for rape 'victim blaming'," read
BBC News's headline.
"
Outrage after Pakistan’s Imran Khan links rape to how women dress," stated
Al-Jazeera's headline.
Did Prime Minister Imran Khan state that 'rape happens because of the way women dress'?
Technically, no he did not. Prime Minister Imran Khan did not say that rapes occur because women dress in a particular way.
However, he did explicitly tie the increasing incidence of rape and sexual violence to
fahaashi (which he believes creates the temptation to commit crime), and he did hold up the idea of
pardah as a means to eliminate temptation.
In themselves, both
fahaashi (which translates roughly to vulgarity or moral depravity) and
pardah (which translates to veiling or protecting oneself) are not concepts that, in their classical sense, apply to a particular gender per se. They are catch-all terms that can refer to a broad range of concepts depending on varying social and cultural perspectives.
For example, it is widely understood that the concept of 'guarding one's modesty' (observing
pardah) in the Islamic worldview — which the prime minister seemed to be alluding to when he spoke with reference to "our religion" — is equally applicable on both men and women.
Secondly, the prime minister's subsequent exposition on
fahaashi during the conversation seems to indicate that he was referring more broadly to moral decline (he specifically referenced the era of 'sex, drugs and rock and roll' and wider availability of pornography in the digital age, for example, rather than women dressing in a particular way).
It seems, therefore, that the controversy arose in the translation of these nuanced concepts from one language to another, especially when he was quoted as saying that "rapes occur because of the way women dress" — a phrase which is highly loaded with negative meaning amidst a global reawakening on women's rights.
'The Imran I know'
The prime minister's ex-wife, Jemima Goldsmith — British screenwriter, television, film and documentary producer — had reacted strongly to reports of her former husband's remarks on the rape controversy.
She quoted a
Daily Mail article on the matter in her reaction tweet.