How did Jammu and Kashmir become a part of India? 9 facts on Accession Day

[Indus Pakistan]

Liaqat could do was after having ran from India, show his fists.

They call Sardar Patel "India's Bismark". I can see why. I only wish he was on side of Jinnah in 1947. Kashmir would have been in Pakistan within 48 hours.

 

[padamchen]

They call Sardar Patel "India's Bismark". I can see why. I only wish he was on side of Jinnah in 1947. Kashmir would have been in Pakistan within 48 hours.

You guys cannot be serious about Hyderabad.

You could not hold Bangladesh in spite of sea and air access.

Cheers, Doc

 

[waz]

Exactly, even Maharaja Hari Singh signed the document after his state was attacked by the Pakistanis (the Pathans and Afridis were not Kashmiris). Let's be honest, both attacked different princely states, we were successful, for you guys it backfired.

He was only going to sign one way, as he had the Indian army behind his back, where as the Nizam had the Indian army on his neck.....There is the essential difference. Hyderabad was invaded first.
But anyway it is what it is as you wrote.

 

[Politico]

could have been..should have been...would have been. At the end of the day it is exactly as seen. Pakistan faltered. India took a bold step. Kashmir was lost forever to Pakistan.

 

[Indus Pakistan]

Bottom.line is that as far as Kashmir is concerned, we were both too late.

If we had somebody like Sardar Patel who instead of showing fists got down and did the dirty job all of Kashmir would have been in Pakistan's hands within 48 hours. In those days the only tarmaced road to Srinagar was from Rawalpindi, which happened to be one of the largest combat commands of the British Raj Army. Even a task force of light infantry made up of single brigade of 3,000 men could have driven from HQ RWP [which became Pak Army HQ to this day] and relaxed in Srinagar within 48 hours. All it took was somebody to show some initiiative and give the order.

Even a rag tag, sandal wearing bunch of Pashtuns from FATA managed to nearly make it to Srinagar. That says it all ..............

 

[waz]

If we had somebody like Sardar Patel who instead of showing fists got down and did the dirty job all of Kashmir would have been in Pakistan's hands within 48 hours. In those days the only tarmaced road to Srinagar was from Rawalpindi, which happened to be one of the largest combat commands of the British Raj Army. Even a task force of light infantry made up of single brigade of 3,000 men could have driven from HQ RWP [which became Pak Army HQ to this day] and relaxed in Srinagar within 48 hours. All it took was somebody to show some intiniative and give the order.

Spot on, my grandfather and elders complained about the lack of support and organisation from central command, thank the Lord they had the courage and drive to clear out Azad Kashmir.

 

[Kabira]

Nope the enemy also had plenty to do, they wouldn't have been able to turnaround a conventional assault. They did so due to the lack of heavy arms and training behind the forces that went into Kashmir. If you look at details of the battles fought, India was just about to able stabilise the lines. It was a crucial error not to send the full army in, like India.

I don't know what would have happened. But in 1948 one of reasons Pakistan didn't send army was to not escalate conflict in to full blown war against much bigger enemy. Same was done in 1965 and 1999 by sending soldiers in civilian cloths. Kashmiris were not interested to join the fight then, I'm talking about ethnic kashmiris of IoK and not paharis of AJK.

1948 was probably best time to take it. Proper indigenous kashmiri struggle/insurgency didn't start till 1989.

 

[ranawat]

Lying to the masses, saying that it was a 'pathan invasion' and most definitely not the rebellion of the Kashmiri people, lmao.

Ha ha ha rebellion?
Pathans went their foe selling chilgoza ?

 

[PAKISTANFOREVER]

could have been..should have been...would have been. At the end of the day it is exactly as seen. Pakistan faltered. India took a bold step. Kashmir was lost forever to Pakistan.

india is more than 7× bigger than Pakistan yet controls 50% of Kashmir. Pakistan controls 45% of Kashmir. 5% is under Chinese domain. So how has Pakistan lost Kashmir forever?........sounds like previous indian claims that it is impossible for Pakistan to EVER become a nuclear weapons state.

 

[waz]

I don't know what would have happened. But in 1948 one of reasons Pakistan didn't send army was to not escalate conflict in to full blown war against much bigger enemy. Same was done in 1965 and 1999 by sending soldiers in civilian cloths. Kashmiris were not interested to join the fight then, I'm talking about ethnic kashmiris of IoK and not paharis of AJK.

1948 was probably best time to take it. Proper indigenous kashmiri struggle/insurgency didn't start till 1989.

The reasons why it would not have escalated was because like Pakistan, India also had its hands full on becoming a new nation which included, restoring public order, resettling partition refugees, putting in place services to avoid the people starving and so on.
Had the order been given it would have been a different story. You are right about the ethnic Kashmiris not wanting to fight, something the soldiers of the AKRF never forgot or forgave.

 

[Kabira]

ying to the masses, saying that it was a 'pathan invasion' and most definitely not the rebellion of the Kashmiri people, lmao.

That's the truth Pakistanis like it or not. Especially when it comes to Kashmir valley. There was no rebellion in Kashmir valley. Gilgitis and paharis of AJK are not Kashmiris.

 

[padamchen]

Nice to see a mature discussion.

Cheers, Doc

 

[Indus Pakistan]

Spot on, my grandfather and elders complained about the lack of support and organisation from central command, thank the Lord they had the courage and drive to clear out Azad Kashmir.

Don't blame the Pakistan Army for this fiasco. AS you know I am a avid reader. I read a article on the history of Pakistan Military Academy [I have lost it and have been desperately trying to find it but you need to read it] by Brigadier Francis Ingall who set up PMA after 1947. He tells how his first batch of cadet officers almost mutinied because they felt Pakistan Army needed to go in and help the Kashmiri's instead of idling about and let the freedom fighters, Pashtun tribals and other irregular forces take the fight. In fact this was the first recorded case of military civilian crack to appear and later would lead to the Rawalpindi Conspiracy case. Ingall had the lead cadet placed on house arrest and reported this to Liaqat as he was required to do. The lead cadet officer was discharged.

The fact was the ML government of the time did absolutely nothing. It was more concerned about events in Hyderabad, UP, Junagadh because most of them were from India. The army on the other hand was effected by Kashmir because most men were from the GT road strip from Peshawar, Attock, Hazara, Rawalpindi, Jehlum etc and bordered Kashmir.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Ingall

Ps. Most of this failure has been covered up by vested interests in Pakistan and you will struggle to ever see this bing covered in mainstream Pakistan. Because this of course raises some difficult questions about figures like Liaqat Khan who have been turned into heroic figures in Pakistan history with titles like Quaid-e-Millat whereas he deserves the tile of "Quaid e loser of Kashmir". India has been painted as some evil Hindu entity. I also thought the same but as I began to read over the decades I saw the reality. India was not evil. she merely did what any state should do - secure it's self interest. Something that Pakistan should have done. When India was securing Hyderabad via the "Operation Polo" there should have been another "Polo" game being played by Pakistan in Kashmir. The fact that Pakistan did not was the fault of our leaders. That India took advantage and came out better was our failure. No point in covering up our failure by calling India 'evil. As they say the winner takes all. For loser is sour grapes.

And Liaqat got his just dessert. Bullet in the head. Pity he did not get it earlier and we did not have somebody like Maj.Gen. Akbar Khan in charge. Kashmir would have been part of Pakistan federation for the last 70 years.

And for those of you in Pakistan who croak on about the UN Resolution I would encourage you to read it. It was actually a sellout by Pakistan. First Pakistan failed to do a "Operation Polo" on Kashmir and then via the UN Resolutution it effectively sold Kashmir to India.

How so? The UN resolution actually requires Pakistan to -

1. Pull out it's troops from AJK
2. Leave behind Indian Army to oversee the plebicite

This is as good as sell out. The Indian's argue and rightly so that the question of plebicite is not on the table as Pakistan has failed to honour the UN resolution for 70 years. It has failed to meet condition [1]. Furthermore when Pakistan Army pulls out the Indian army stays behind in Kashmir. What do they say about possession being 9/10ths of the law?

It's Pakistan that has failed to implement the UN resolution. Not India !!!!!!!

 

[padamchen]

Don't blame the Pakistan Army for this fiasco. AS you know I am a avid reader. I read a article on the history of Pakistan Military Academy [I have lost it and have been desperately trying to find it but you need to read it] by Brigadier Francis Ingall who set up PMA after 1947. He tells how his first batch of cadet officers almost mutinied because they felt Pakistan Army needed to go in and help the Kashmiri's instead of idling about and let the freedom fighters, Pashtun tribals and other irregular forces take the fight. In fact this was the first recorded case of military civilian crack to appear and later would lead to the Rawalpindi Conspiracy case. Ingall had the lead cadet placed on house arrest and reported this to Liaqat as he was required to do. The lead cadet officer was discharged.

The fact was the ML government of the time did absolutely nothing. It was more concerned about events in Hyderabad, UP, Junagadh because most of them were from India. The army on the other hand was effected by Kashmir because most men were from the GT road strip from Peshawar, Attock, Hazara, Rawalpindi, Jehlum etc and bordered Kashmir.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Ingall

Ps. Most of this failure has been covered up by vested interests in Pakistan and you will struggle to ever see this bing covered in mainstream Pakistan. Because this of course raises some difficult questions about figures like Liaqat Khan who have been turned into heroic figures in Pakistan history with titles like Quaid-e-Millat whereas he deserves the tile of "Quaid e loser of Kashmir". India has been painted as some evil Hindu entity. I also thought the same but as I began to read over the decades I saw the reality. India was not evil. she merely did what any state should do - secure it's self interest. Something that Pakistan should have done. When India was securing Hyderabad via the "Operation Polo" there should have been another "Polo" game being played by Pakistan in Kashmir. The fact that Pakistan did not was the fault of our leaders. That India took advantage and came out better was our failure. No point in covering up our failure by calling India 'evil. As they say the winner takes all. For loser is sour grapes.

And Liaqat got his just dessert. Bullet in the head. Pity he did not get it earlier and we did not have somebody like Maj.Gen. Akbar Khan in charge. Kashmir would have been part of Pakistan federation for the last 70 years.

And for those of you in Pakistan who croak on about the UN Resolution I would encourage you to read it. It was actually a sellout by Pakistan. First Pakistan failed to do a "Operation Polo" on Kashmir and then via the UN Resolutution it effectively sold Kashmir to India.

How so? The UN resolution actually requires Pakistan to -

1. Pull out it's troops from AJK
2. Leave behind Indian Army to oversee the plebicite

This is as good as sell out. The Indian's argue and rightly so that the question of plebicite is not on the table as Pakistan has failed to honour the UN resolution for 70 years. It has failed to meet condition [1]. Furthermore when Pakistan Army pulls out the Indian army stays behind in Kashmir. What do they say about possession being 9/10ths of the law?

It's Pakistan that has failed to implement the UN resolution. Not India !!!!!!!

Brilliantly put big bro.

You are on a roll.

Don't stop.

Each new PDF batch of Pakistanis needs a Kaptaan.

Cheers, Doc

 

[TMA]

Don't blame the Pakistan Army for this fiasco. AS you know I am a avid reader. I read a article on the history of Pakistan Military Academy [I have lost it and have been desperately trying to find it but you need to read it] by Brigadier Francis Ingall who set up PMA after 1947. He tells how his first batch of cadet officers almost mutinied because they felt Pakistan Army needed to go in and help the Kashmiri's instead of idling about and let the freedom fighters, Pashtun tribals and other irregular forces take the fight. In fact this was the first recorded case of military civilian crack to appear and later would lead to the Rawalpindi Conspiracy case. Ingall had the lead cadet placed on house arrest and reported this to Liaqat as he was required to do. The lead cadet officer was discharged.

The fact was the ML government of the time did absolutely nothing. It was more concerned about events in Hyderabad, UP, Junagadh because most of them were from India. The army on the other hand was effected by Kashmir because most men were from the GT road strip from Peshawar, Attock, Hazara, Rawalpindi, Jehlum etc and bordered Kashmir.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Ingall

Ps. Most of this failure has been covered up by vested interests in Pakistan and you will struggle to ever see this bing covered in mainstream Pakistan. Because this of course raises some difficult questions about figures like Liaqat Khan who have been turned into heroic figures in Pakistan history with titles like Quaid-e-Millat whereas he deserves the tile of "Quaid e loser of Kashmir". India has been painted as some evil Hindu entity. I also thought the same but as I began to read over the decades I saw the reality. India was not evil. she merely did what any state should do - secure it's self interest. Something that Pakistan should have done. When India was securing Hyderabad via the "Operation Polo" there should have been another "Polo" game being played by Pakistan in Kashmir. The fact that Pakistan did not was the fault of our leaders. That India took advantage and came out better was our failure. No point in covering up our failure by calling India 'evil. As they say the winner takes all. For loser is sour grapes.

And Liaqat got his just dessert. Bullet in the head. Pity he did not get it earlier and we did not have somebody like Maj.Gen. Akbar Khan in charge. Kashmir would have been part of Pakistan federation for the last 70 years.

And for those of you in Pakistan who croak on about the UN Resolution I would encourage you to read it. It was actually a sellout by Pakistan. First Pakistan failed to do a "Operation Polo" on Kashmir and then via the UN Resolutution it effectively sold Kashmir to India.

How so? The UN resolution actually requires Pakistan to -

1. Pull out it's troops from AJK
2. Leave behind Indian Army to oversee the plebicite

This is as good as sell out. The Indian's argue and rightly so that the question of plebicite is not on the table as Pakistan has failed to honour the UN resolution for 70 years. It has failed to meet condition [1]. Furthermore when Pakistan Army pulls out the Indian army stays behind in Kashmir. What do they say about possession being 9/10ths of the law?

It's Pakistan that has failed to implement the UN resolution. Not India !!!!!!!

What has changed? It seems little....traitors are everywhere today.