Traditionally and currently China absorbs a lot of information from the rest of the world because it realises its backwards in some areas that need to be improved in order to achieve its goals. There are some cultures that China sees creating things and ideas China wants to have for itself so it seeks to learn from them. How China picks who to learn from is by evidence not by what they say, just like how China isn't fooled by the west's human rights claims.
The west is advanced in technology so China learns technology from the west, they have showed their advanced technology through their economy, military power, and standard of living, once they stop being those things China will look elsewhere. China also looks at the Islamic world, and there isn't much that China wants to learn from it currently. The evidence provided is a mostly impoverished land with low technical knowledge, ancient practices, extremist thought, and constant wars. Some islamic countries are not that bad and in the middle but do you want to learn from the average student in class or the best?
Just like when China was weak, poor and starving no country sought knowledge from China, why would anybody want to emulate a backwards and poor country? its the law of nature. Of course there are very wealthy Islamic countries, but they are all oil/gas exporters, with the exception of Turkey who is a middle income country. This is because they are secular, tried to westernise and has an relatively open culture. One does not need an advanced culture to extract oil and acquire weapons through importing Western companies' technology. China doesn't want to learn from the Islamic world right now because it doesn't want to live its lifestyle. To Chinese many Islamic countries are actually exceedingly backwards and looks like a peek into ancient history that nobody wants to re live. China had some pretty brutal laws and backward practices in ancient times but we have learned and beyond that now. This attitude China has is because the goal for China right now is clear: We don't want to be weak and backwards because it has brought us pain and suffering. We don't want that pain and suffering so we want to always be at the forefront of science and technology.
Islamic countries don't necessarily have the same social priorities as China, they say they want all this development (which we are happy to help) and be advanced in science and technology but are they willing to pay the cost of it? The cost is change in traditional attitudes, its fair if they refuse. Chinese just feel modern China is at such different wavelengths with Muslims, not necessarily with the elites of Islamic countries. My personal experience with the elites is that they are very secular, put on the image of religious piety for its people but very focused modern values for their country and their families.
When Chinese are thinking of how can we technologically develop so eventually we can break the shackles of human limitation such as life extension, nuclear fusion, exploring the solar system/deep space, AI, understanding the laws of physics, and removing ourselves of our own backward elements, we feel many Muslims are spending too much time on how they can stay content with their ancient culture and live in Sharia, or worse try to impose ancient Arab values upon us. It is very arrogant for Chinese to hear that some Muslims say all your problems will be solved by Sharia or adopting ancient Arabic values, and you will live in harmony with Allah. We think do they not realise the state their reality is in, have incompatible values or are they delusional. Mostly Chinese wont care about others because we are on our own path in this world but very defensive towards entities we perceive as relentlessly offensive towards us. Refer to game theory.
Ultimately I don't blame Muslim people for all the problems they face as China was similar before. The development of society is actually very closely correlated with technological progression. An example would be Saudi Arabia allowing women to drive for the first time in history. Before the mass adoption of the technology of the car that was not a problem but as the car became an economic reality for the family they must use it to make a living. Not allowing women to drive meant spending lots of money on drivers which is very burdensome for an average family. Eventually society must deal with the reality of technological change. Very hopeful for Saudi Arabia.