This is the ancient map. There are also answers to the questions which include Taiwan, but her position has some bias.
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大明混一图属行政区域图,成图年代为公元1389年(明洪武二十二年),彩绘绢本,图幅尺寸为386×456cm,是一幅大挂图,图内主要表示明朝及邻近地区的各级居民地、山形、河流及其相对位置。居民地均以地名加框的方法定位,其框用不同颜色区别内外所属。此图绘制精美,内容丰富,是一件国宝级的珍贵文物。现藏于中国第一历史档案馆。   
这幅明代世界地图,以大明王朝版图为中心,东起日本,西达欧洲,南括爪哇,北至蒙古,是我国目前已知尺寸最大、年代最久远、保存最完好的古代世界地图。《大明混一图》全图没有明显的疆域界限,仅以地名条块的不同颜色,来区别内外所属。图中着重描绘了明王朝各级治所、山脉、河流的相对位置,镇寨堡驿、渠塘堰井、湖泊泽池、边地岛屿以及古遗址、古河道等共计一千余处。 欧洲与非洲地区放大图
我们看这幅地图,感觉与现在最吻合的就是从渤海到海南岛的沿海地形,渤海湾、山东半岛的形状非常接近,水系也很详细。再看长江的位置,也差不多,长江支流水系标示得更详细,鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖三大湖泊清晰可见,这可能跟明王朝初期的统治有很大关系。广东沿海似乎还显示了珠江口的位置,但雷州半岛、海南岛的位置偏西了。
台湾岛、澎湖列岛及日本岛的差异较大。
This is the ancient map. There are also answers to the questions which include Taiwan, but her position has some bias.
Incidentally, that it also answer your first question, the color is standard to distinguish the Ming dynasty territory and non-Chinese territory.
Daming mixed a diagram of an administrative area map, mapping years as AD 1389 (Hongwu two years), painting on silk, map sheet size is 386 × 456cm, is a large wall charts, maps, said the Ming Dynasty and adjacent areas mainly at all levels of residential areas, Yamagata, rivers and their relative position. Residents to place names are framed method of positioning,
the difference between the inside and outside the box belongs to a different color. This drawing beautifully, rich in content, is a national treasure of precious relics. Now hidden in the First Historical Archives of China.
Ming Dynasty painting a world map to map as the center of the Ming dynasty, east of Japan, west Europe, the South, including Java, north to Mongolia, China's largest known size, the oldest and best preserved of the ancient world map. "Daming mixed a map" the boundaries of the whole graph has no obvious boundaries, only the names of different bar colors to distinguish the respective inside and outside. Focus on the figure depicts a legacy at all levels of the Ming Dynasty, mountains, rivers, the relative position of the town Zhaibao Station, drainage wells ponds, lakes Ze pool, border areas and islands, ancient ruins, the ancient river courses at a total of one thousand. Enlargement of Europe and Africa
We look at this map, feel and now the most consistent is to Hainan Island from the Bohai Sea coastal terrain, Bohai Bay, Shandong Peninsula, the shape is very close to water is also very detailed. Look at the location of the Yangtze River, is similar, the Yangtze River tributaries indicate more detailed, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake is clearly visible three, which may be the rule of the early Ming Dynasty with a great relationship. Guangdong coast seems to show the location of the Pearl River estuary, but the Leizhou Peninsula, west of Hainan Island location.
Taiwan Island, Penghu Islands and Japan, the island quite different.
---------- Post added at 07:47 PM ---------- Previous post was at 07:45 PM ----------
It has a local Chinese government in Taiwan. Please use your eyes, thank you.