You are comparing Bangladesh, who haven't yet gotten a foothold in the industry with TSMC, who are the global market leaders. This one company alone has 52 percent of global market share. Of course they will have multi billion dollar capital budget and thousands of PhDs working for them. Why would these Bangladeshi conglomerates need to spend 44 billion annually when they are just getting started in the industry?
None of us here are with the delusion that we will become a major player in this industry. We need a start and eventually the infrastructure and the surrounding logistics can be built around over time with proper support from govt.
You keep on mentioning about capital intensiveness of the semi conductor industry. Here's a food for thought - in the 1980s, when Bangladesh just got started in garment manufacturing, no one could have imagined billions of dollars will be put into the industry. The country still was recovering from the war and suffering from frequent flooding and not to mention was dependent on foreign handouts. It took decades to build the robust supply chain and infrastructure to become a global leader.
In the 80s, garment manufacturing was a huge technological leap for a country who until that time was completely an agro based economy. We didn't have the skilled workforce to operate the industrial machines. The literacy rate was poor and most workers never lived in a city, let alone work with sophisticated industrial machine. It took decades to build that. This will be a similar technological leap.
Bangladeshi companies now have the ability to invest billions and there is a large workforce available with tertiary education and technological knowhow. Yet, it will be a steep learning curve in this industry. But given the context, I see no difference between our position then vs now.