https://www.amazon.com/Halil-Inalcik-Books/s?k=Halil+Inalcik&rh=n:283155
Biography[edit]
Halil İnalcık was born in
Istanbul on 26 May 1916 to a
Crimean Tatar family that left
Crimea for the city in 1905.
[2][3][4][5] He attended
Balıkesir Teacher Training School, and then
Ankara University, Faculty of Language, History and Geography, Department of History, from which he graduated in 1940.
[6] His work on
Timur drew the attention of
Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, who facilitated his entry as an assistant to the Modern Age Department of the university. He completed his PhD in 1942 in the same department. His PhD thesis was on the Bulgarian question in the late Ottoman Empire, specifically during
tanzimat, and constituted one of the first socioeconomic approaches in Turkish historiography. In December 1943, he became assistant professor and his research interest became focused on the social and economic aspects of the Ottoman Empire. He worked on the Ottoman judicial records of Bursa and in the Ottoman archives in Istanbul. He became a member of the
Turkish Historical Society in 1947.
[2]
In 1949, he was sent by the university to
London, where he worked on Ottoman and Turkic inscriptions in the
British Museum and attended seminars by
Paul Wittek at the
School of Oriental and African Studies. Here, he met other influential historians such as
Bernard Lewis. He attended a congress in
Paris in 1950, where he met
Fernand Braudel, whose work greatly influenced him. He returned to Turkey in 1951 and became a professor in the same department in 1952. He lectured as a visiting professor in
Columbia University in 1953–54 and worked and studied as a research fellow at
Harvard University in 1956–57. Upon his return to Turkey, he lectured on Ottoman, European and American history as well as administrative organization and Atatürk's reforms. In 1967, he lectured as a visiting professor in
Princeton University and the
University of Pennsylvania. He joined the International Association of Southeastern European Studies (
French:
Association Internationale des Etudes du Sud-Est Européen) in 1966 and held the presidency of this institution between 1971 and 1974.
[2]
In 1971, Harvard University offered him a permanent teaching position and the University of Pennsylvania offered him a five-year contract. He refused these, wishing to stay in Turkey. However, in the meantime, the political turmoil in Turkey worsened and students became increasingly involved in conflict, hindering education. In 1972, he accepted an invitation to join the faculty of the
University of Chicago, where he taught
Ottoman history until 1986.
[7] Between 1990 and 1992, he lectured as a visiting professor at Harvard and Princeton. In 1992, he returned to Turkey after an invitation by
Bilkent University, where he founded the history department, teaching at the postgraduate level,
[2] and taught until his death.
[8] In 1993, he donated his collection of books, journals and off-prints on the history of Ottoman Empire to the library of Bilkent University.
[9] He had been a member and president of many international organizations, he was a member of the
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Department of Historical Sciences, also a member of the
Institute of Turkish Studies.
[10]
Halil İnalcık's grave,
Fatih Mosque, Istanbul.
İnalcık died on 25 July 2016
İnalcık's work was centered upon a social and economic analysis of the Ottoman Empire.
[12] He aimed at both countering what he saw as the hostile, biased narrative presented by western sources at the onset of his work and what he saw as an exaggerated, romanticized and nationalistic historiography in Turkey itself. He exemplified the biased western narrative he tried to dispel as
Franz Babinger's depiction of
Mehmed the Conqueror as a bloodthirsty, sadistic personality.
[7] He criticized generalizing approaches to Ottoman history as such approaches, he argued, lacked social or economic insight due to a lack of research.
[2] He was the first historian to study Ottoman judicial records in depth to deduce elements of the socioeconomic factors in the Ottoman society. When he first started his research in the 1940s, such documents were believed to be useless due in part to the recent change of alphabet and were being stored in unfavorable conditions or altogether destroyed.
[13]
İnalcık corrected a number of wrong convictions about Ottoman and Turkish history.
[8] One such instance was his discovery that the proposition that the Ottoman dynasty belonged to the
Kayı tribe was fabricated in the 15th century.
[7] According to
Immanuel Wallerstein, İnalcık shaped the discipline of historical research with his unique methodology and led to many students in his school of thought approaching issues from a number of socioeconomic and cultural perspectives.
[8]
He was influenced by the works of Fuad Köprülü,
Fernand Braudel and
Ömer Lütfi Barkan.
[12]
List of publications[edit]
His most important work was his first book,
Hicrî 835 tarihli Sûret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid (Copied of register for A.H. 835 in
Sanjak of Albania), which was published at
Ankara in 1954 and presented one of the earliest available land register in Ottoman Empire's archives.
[14][15]
- in English:[16]
- "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City" (1968)[17]
- "Capital Formation in the Ottoman Empire" (1969), The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 29, No. 1, The Tasks of Economic History, pp. 97–140[18]
- "Ottoman Policy and Administration in Cyprus after the Conquest" (1969)
- History of the Ottoman Empire Classical Age / 1300–1600 (1973)
- The Ottoman Empire: Conquest, Organization and Economy (1978)
- Studies in Ottoman Social and Economic History (1985)
- The Middle East and the Balkans under the Ottoman Empire: Essays on Economy and Society (1993)
- An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914 (with Donald Quataert, 1994)
- From Empire to Republic: Essays on Ottoman and Turkish Social History (1995)
- Sources and Studies on the Ottoman Black Sea: The Customs Register of Caffa 1487–1490 (1996)
- Essays in Ottoman History (1998)
- in Turkish:[16][19]
- Makaleler 1: Doğu Batı, Doğu Batı Yayınları 2005
- Fatih devri üzerinde tetkikler ve vesikalar Ankara, 1954
- Osmanlı'da Devlet, Hukuk, Adalet, Eren Yayıncılık 2000
- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi Cilt 1 /1300-1600, Eren Yayıncılık, Prof. Dr. Donald Quataert ile 2001
- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi Cilt 2 / 1600–1914, Eren Yayıncılık 2004
- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu – Toplum ve Ekonomi, Eren Yayıncılık
- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağ (1300–1600), Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2003
- Tanzimat ve Bulgar Meselesi Eren Yayıncılık
- ABD Tarihi, Allan Nevins/Henry Steele Commager (çeviri) Doğu Batı Yayınları 2005
- Şair ve Patron, Doğu Batı Yayınları 2003
- Balkanlar (Prof. Dr. Erol Manisalı ile)
- Atatürk ve Demokratik Türkiye, Kırmızı Yayınınları (1.Baskı: Temmuz 2007 – 2.Baskı: Aralık 2007)
- Devlet-i Aliyye (1.Baskı: 2009)
- Kuruluş – Osmanlı Tarihini Yeniden Yazmak
- Tanzimat, Değişim Sürecinde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (Mehmet Seyitdanlıoğlu ile birlikte) İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları 2011.
- OSMANLILAR, Fütühat ve Avrupa İle İlişkiler
- Has-Bağçede 'Ayş u Tarab – Nedimler Şairler Mutripler, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları (2011)
- Kuruluş ve İmparatorluk Sürecinde Osmanlı
- Osmanlılar (2010)
- Kuruluş ve İmparatorluk Sürecinde Osmanlı (2011)
- Rönesans Avrupası Türkiye'nin Batı Medeniyetiyle Özdeşleşme Süreci, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları (2011)
- Osmanlı ve Modern Türkiye, Timaş Yayınları (2013)
- Devlet-i 'Aliyye: Tagayyür ve Fesad, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Üzerine Araştırmalar II, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları (2014)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_İnalcık
-----------------
https://www.amazon.com/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27:Ilber+Ortayli&s=relevancerank&text=Ilber+Ortayli&ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1
Ortaylı studied Public policy at
Ankara University Mekteb-i Mülkiye (School of Political Science) and later left for Vienna to attend
University of Vienna where he studied both
Slawistik and
Orientalistik while working with
Andreas Tietze. He received his master's degree under the supervision of professor
Halil İnalcık at the
University of Chicago and obtained his
doctorate at Ankara University in the School of Political Sciences. His doctoral thesis was
Local Administration in the Tanzimat Period (1978). After his doctorate, he joined the faculty at the School of
Political Sciences of
Ankara University. In 1979, he was appointed as
associate professor. In 1982, he resigned from his position, protesting the academic policy of the government established after the
1980 Turkish coup d'état. After teaching at several universities in Turkey, Europe and
Russia, in 1989 he returned to Ankara University and became
professor of
history and the head of the department of administrative history.
[6]
Works[edit]
Ortaylı published numerous articles focused on diplomacy, cultural history and intellectual history. Some examples are:
- Ottoman History
- Russian history (e.g. "Romanovs and Constantinople" and "19th century Russian Empire")
- Ottoman-Habsburg Relations
- German Influence in the 19th century Ottoman Empire (as his masters degree thesis)
- Travel writing In the Ottoman Empire
- History of Turkish Drama
He also published articles on urban history like "Latins of the Pera district of the Constantinople" for Istanbul and various historical cities which were once under the Ottoman influence;
history of provincial administration focusing on the transformation of institutions in the Ottoman Empire from the beginning to the 19th century
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlber_Ortaylı
If you have an intellectual interest at an academic level, I recommend the publications of two professors, Inalcık and Ortayli which they have deepest works on Ottoman history.
If you are only interested in the popular culture level, there is a new Fatih Mehmed series that is currently on Netflix. I was able to withstand only 2 parts, it is completely filled with fraught of lies and has no depth.
