Paitoo
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I am also not well versed with this subject. Whatever knowledge I have is through lived experiences and not by examining scholarly treatises. From whatever I understand -Haan to bhai tujhe color commentary kr liye tag kiya he na. Learned opinion ke liye to @Paitoo ko tag kiya. Tension na le.
Hinduism does not have a starting point or a founder so it naturally becomes difficult to define it using the lens of more organised Abrahamic religions. Though Hindus like to treat Gita has 'the' holy book, I say it is a bit reactionary because other religions have their Bible and Torah and Quran, so a need was felt that we need a "single source of truth" too, otherwise non Hindus will propagate that Hindus don't know where to look for inspiration and are a confused lot. The truth is that Gita is just one of the many texts - Puranas, Upanishads, Shastras, Vedas that contribute to Hindu philosophy. While the Gita is from a specific point in time, the others are a collection of philosophies that came up during a much longer period, in different parts of the country.
What complicates things is the mix of philosophical elements, which are relatively more timeless, with mythological elements and actual historical events. The latter are more appealing because of their story-like nature and have become part of the consciousness of most Hindus. All the festivals that we celebrate come from the latter and this is taken to be Hinduism by outsiders. Many Hindus (including me) haven't read any of the philosophical elements, but we take it for a fact that they contain wise things. To be honest, I don't think there is a huge mass of well read believers in any religion. Most follow a few 'must haves' and rest of the religious identity is more of a negation - "I am not a Hindu", "I am not a Muslim"
For someone who wants to deliberate more on the philosophical elements, it is a daunting task and a full time job. You have to be a Swamy / Baba / Guru, whatever you call it, to master it. The second best way is to become a disciple of some Swamy and learn from them. Many do this and find answers to the many questions that they face in life. Many of these, who have found answers, will continue to believe in the mythological elements, partly out of cultural reasons, but mainly due to the fact that no amount of philosophy can explain creation properly, and you need to fall back on the anchor of God.
I know this is not exactly the answer you are looking for, but this is about as much a man with limited knowledge can explain. As a closing comment, I would say that the complications surrounding Hinduism wouldn't have existed if there were no other religions. There would have been no need to define Hinduism. Until Buddhism came, there was no 'other'. Hinduism continued to absorb local beliefs and knowledge as it expanded, but the arrival of Buddhism suddenly meant that you could be a non Hindu. True, there are denominations like Shaivites and Viashnavites, but these are not antagonistic. They are about what you prioritise.