WASHINGTON—China seized a U.S. Navy underwater drone in the South China Sea and the Pentagon demanded it back, raising a new point of tension between U.S. and Chinese military forces in the disputed waters as relations between the countries enter uncharted territory.
“It’s ours, it was clearly marked, we want it back, and we don’t want this to happen again,” said Capt. Jeff Davis, a Pentagon spokesman.
The incident on Thursday occurred days after President-elect Donald J. Trump raised China’s ire by suggesting his administration
could abandon a bedrock agreement on Taiwan’s status that has kept peace in the area for decades. Mr. Trump’s suggestion that the U.S. would maintain its position on Taiwan only if China makes concessions to American interests came after he broke decades of diplomatic protocol by
accepting a phone call from Taiwan’s president, hitting one of Beijing’s most sensitive issues.
It also came as
a Washington-based think tank reported China had installed antiaircraft weapons and other small arms on all seven of its reclaimed islands in the South China Sea, where China has built artificial islands and laid claim to a vast swath of maritime territory, to the dismay of neighbors and U.S. officials. China’s actions have raised concerns in the U.S. that Beijing is planning to enforce broad and disputed claims over the sea, a hub that sees more than $5 trillion in trade transit its waters annually. China’s Defense Ministry said on its website Thursday that any reef construction was mainly for civil use, and that any military facilities “are mainly for defense and self-defense, which is appropriate and legal.”
ENLARGE
An ocean glider of the general type the Pentagon says the Chinese snatched this week being recovered in October. Photo: cmdr santiago carrizosa/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
In the latest incident, the U.S. Naval Ship Bowditch, which has a civilian commander, was retrieving two underwater drones about 50 nautical miles northwest of Subic Bay in the Philippines. It was being shadowed by a Chinese ship, a Dalang 3, a typical occurrence when U.S. ships navigate those waters, Navy and defense officials say.
The USNS Bowditch retrieved the first drone, but while it prepared to retrieve the second one, the Chinese ship put a smaller boat in the water and snatched it away, according to U.S. defense officials. The U.S. ship established “bridge-to-bridge” communications with the Chinese vessel, about 500 yards away, the Pentagon said, and asked it to leave the drone in the water. That request wasn’t heeded.
It was the first time China has seized a piece of U.S. military gear since the Chinese detained a Navy surveillance plane that landed on Hainan Island following a midair collision in April 2001. Unlike that incident, however, the underwater drone was on an unclassified mission and isn’t considered a particularly valuable intelligence asset, according to a U.S. military official.
The Pentagon said the drone is known as an “ocean glider” and valued at approximately $150,000, one of many the U.S. Navy uses around the world to collect bathymetric data from the sea, along with data on the water’s salinity, temperature and current flow. Bright yellow and about 5 to 10 feet long, the drones often move slowly and autonomously to gather data about the ocean for weeks or months before U.S. Navy ships retrieve them.
‘China had no right to seize this vehicle. And the United States must not stand for such outrageous conduct.’
—Sen. John McCain
That data is often used to help U.S. submarines navigate. The U.S. Navy has also been developing, and gradually deploying, systems that use gliders and other undersea drones to listen for and track foreign submarines. The South China Sea has been an area of particular interest because of China’s expanding submarine capabilities.
A U.S. official said the glider seized by China was a Littoral Battlespace Sensing glider or similar underwater drone. The Littoral Battlespace Sensing glider was developed for the U.S. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, or SPAWAR, and has been deployed on several ships of the same class as the Bowditch, SPAWAR has said.
China has one of its largest submarine bases on Hainan Island, which abuts the South China Sea, and has sent attack submarines through those waters and into the Indian Ocean in the last two years or so.
China is also soon expected to conduct its first patrols by submarines carrying fully armed nuclear missiles, which will most likely stay within the South China Sea to begin with to try to evade detection by foreign militaries, according to U.S. officials and experts.
Pentagon press secretary Peter Cook described the ocean-glider drone as “a sovereign immune vessel of the United States” and said China had acted unlawfully in seizing it. The State Department lodged a formal diplomatic protest over Thursday’s incident.
Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain (R., Ariz.) called the Chinese Navy’s behavior a flagrant violation of the freedom of the seas. “China had no right to seize this vehicle,” he said. “And the United States must not stand for such outrageous conduct.”
A representative of the Chinese Embassy in Washington didn’t respond to a request for comment. The incident wasn’t mentioned on the website of the Chinese Defense Ministry, and calls to an after-hour duty office phone there weren’t answered.
It wasn’t clear if the drone seizure was provocative behavior by Chinese sailors or a broader geopolitical signal. U.S. military officials say they so far have no reason to believe the seizure was a decision in Beijing to send a message to Washington.
Jeffrey Bader, a former China adviser to President Barack Obama, said the action was so uncommon that it was unlikely the call was made by a local commander. Mr. Bader, now at the Brookings Institution, pointed to the location of the drone snatching—near the Philippines—as a potential sign that China was taking advantage of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s moves to weaken the U.S.-Philippine alliance.
Other China-watchers suggested the Chinese Navy’s actions could be a response to Mr. Trump. “It’s better from their perspective to have a clear signal sent now so by the time he is sworn in, he gets it,” said Bonnie Glaser of the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Jason Miller, a spokesman for Mr. Trump, declined to comment.
U.S. defense officials said the USNS Bowditch is typically harassed more than some other U.S. ships. Compared to destroyers and other warships, the small, unarmed vessel is viewed as less intimidating and sometimes invites more Chinese attention, they said.
China often views what the U.S. describes as routine military measures in international waters with suspicion, considering activities like oceanographic surveying as spy work.
The U.S. collects bathymetric data nearly everywhere the Navy operates, but prioritizes those areas like the Western Pacific, where the Navy spends more time navigating. The drones also capture sonar data to help the Navy determine where it’s harder to hear other vessels underwater.
The Chinese government has previously accused the U.S. of overdramatizing the situation in the South China Sea as a pretext to build up defenses of the U.S. and its allies in the region.
The U.S. has denied those accusations, arguing earlier this year that
China has heightened tension in the region by reclaiming more than 3,200 acres of land in parts of the South China Sea over the previous two years and using “coercive tactics short of armed conflict” to assert power in the region.
The U.S. regularly sends ships and surveillance aircraft through the South China Sea on what the Pentagon describes as “freedom-of-navigation operations,” designed to signal that the waters should remain open to all.
At times, those operations have led to tension with the Chinese military, which regularly intercepts U.S. planes and ships, sometimes in a way the Pentagon has deemed unsafe or unprofessional. But the Chinese seizure this week of U.S. equipment marks an escalation the U.S. military so far hasn’t seen.
http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-research-vessels-survey-drone-grabbed-by-chinese-ship-1481909093