Saifullah Sani
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Russia is ready to supply 'standard' versions of the Su-35 combat aircraft to China, Sukhoi first deputy director general Boris Bregman recently told IHS Jane's .
"During talks we informed the Chinese side that we can supply a standard version of the Su-35 fighter, which has been fully completed, tested, and received Russian Air Force certification," he said on the sidelines of Airshow China 2014 in Zhuhai.
Bregman said that the adaptation of the fighter to meet customer requirements - or 'Sinification' - can be performed only as part of a supplementary contract. This work may include some design and development to include the integration of different enhancements, additional algorithms, and Chinese-language user interfaces.
According to the Bregman, such Sinification will take a lot of time as any changes to the aircraft design require additional flight tests and the air launch of armaments. "Flight testing all the Su-35's air-launched missiles takes about 1,000 hours alone. We can't go there," Bregman said.
"I think that the contract will be signed at the end of 2014 or at the beginning of 2015," he said. "There are no obvious political or technical reasons hindering the signing of the contract. The only thing to be done is the elaborate consideration of some details and technical issues.
"I am convinced that if everything is carried out in the proper way, Chinese pilots will be conducting flight demonstrations in 2016," Bregman said.
United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) president Mikhail Pogosyan told reporters at Zhuhai that there was no danger that the Su-35 would be a victim of unlicensed copying: a major concern for Russia given the unlicensed copies of the Su-27 that China began producing as the J-11 and J-15 carrier derivative.
"I believe that there is no direct danger," Pogosyan said. "It is very difficult to make a copy of a high-tech product as there is more to it than meets the eye. As of today I don't know the cases when the copy could achieve global success on the world aircraft market."
"I believe that permanent progress, permanent movement forward is the key method to fight copying. The Russian industry is not stuck - it is moving forward," he added.
COMMENT
Pogosyan's comment on whether a "copy could achieve global success on the world aircraft market" slightly ignores the point that China's previous reverse engineering of the Su-27 was solely for domestic consumption.
Other Russian industry sources told IHS Jane's at Zhuhai that the Russian insistence on a minimum buy of 48 aircraft has since softened to a procurement of just 24 units. The issue of a minimum buy is important because Russian officials believe China is really only interested in the Su-35's NIIP Irbis-E passive electronically scanned array radar and the 117S engine.
The minimum number of aircraft to be procured is, therefore, a way for Russia to ensure that the Chinese pay an appropriate price to acquire these technologies before they copy them, the sources said.
Senior East Asian officials recently told the New York Times that they believe the deal could be scuppered by these issues, but a recent factor that may expedite the sale is Russia's international isolation due to its annexation of Crimea and intervention in eastern Ukraine. In this scenario, China becomes a closer friend as Moscow distances from the West.
Russian president Vladimir Putin and others have said defence exports to China could be one area in which bilateral relations improve, and the two sides agreed to extend defence industrial co-operation in talks on 18-19 November - the same time that the sale of 100 RD-93 turbofans to China emerged.
Russia ready to supply 'standard' Su-35s to China, says official - IHS Jane's 360