Quick history
3000 - 1500 BC
Indus Civilization.
1700 BC
Aryans invade from Central Asia.
516 BC
Northern Pakistan becomes the easternmost province of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.
327 - 325 BC
Alexander the Great invades Pakistan.
272 - 236 BC
Mauryan Emperor Ashoka promotes Buddhism.
185 BC
Bactrian Greeks conquer northwest Pakistan.
75 BC
Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from Central Asia.
20 AD
Parthians conquer northern Pakistan.
60 AD
Kushans from Central Asia overthrow the Parthians.
3rd Century
Kushans decline and are dominated by the Sassanian Empire of Persia
4th Century
Kidar (Little) Kushans come to power.
445
White Huns invade Gandhara and are converted to Hinduism, possibly as the Rajput warrior caste.
565
Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns.
Late 6th - 7th Century
Turki Shahis control area west of Indus, including Gandhara.
711
Mohammad Bin Qasim conquers Sindh and southern Punjab
870
Hindu Shahis arrive from Central Asia
1001 - 26
Mahmud of Ghaznavi invades.
Mass conversions to Islam.
1034 -1337
Sindh ruled by Sumrahs, a Sindhi tribe
1150
Mohammad Ghuri destroys the Kingdome of Mahmud Ghaznavi.
1194
Mohammad Ghuri makes Delhi the capital of the empire
1206 - 1526 Delhi Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate established by Ilbari Dynasty
At the time of Muhammd Ghuri's death in 1206 (had no sons), Qutbuddin Aibak was in Lahore, where he assumed the sovereign powers as he was elected Sultan by the Amirs. The assumption of sovereign powers by Qutbuddin Aibak in 1206 is regarded as the foundation of the Sultanate Delhi.
1221
The Mongol, Genghiz Khan invades Punjab
1290-1320 Khalji Dynasty
Marks the end of the Turks rule.
Among the Khaljis, Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) reign is known for revenue reforms, market regulations and conquests.
1320-1412 Tuqhluq Dynasty
Tuqhluq were from 'Qarauna Turk' tribe.
Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughluq Shah (Ghazi Malik) founder of third dynasty of the Sultanate.
Among the Tughluq dynastry, Mohammad Tughluq and Firuz Tughluq are most popular.
1337
Sammah Rajputs overthrow the Sumrahs in Sindh
1398-9
Tamerlane invades from Central Asia
1414-51 The Saiyids
Khizr Khan was the founder of the Saiyid dynasty.
Alauddin Alam Shah was the last ruler.
1451-1526 The Lodhis
Lodhis were Afghans
Bahlol Lodhi was the founder of this dynasty.
The last Lodhi Sultan, Ibrahim Ladhi (1517-26) was killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat.
1526
The Sultanate of Delhi ended.
Babur defeats the Lodis, the last of the Delhi sultans, and establishes the Mughal Empire.
Tarkhans capture power in Sindh.
1524
Babur, first Mughal emperor, rais Punjab
Sindh conquered by Shah Beg Arghun from Kandahar.
Amir Chakar Rind unites Balochi tribes and defeats Sammahs.
1527 - 1857 The Mughal Empire
Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur son of Umar Shaikh Mirza -- The first Mughal Emeror (1526-30) and founder of the Mughal empire in India.
March 16 -- A decisive battle took place with Rana Songa of Mewar, a powerful Rajput prince.
Babur's autobiography Tuzuk-i-Bauri (Babur Namah) written in Turki.
1530
December 26 -- Babur died in Agra.
Humyun become the Mughal emperor.
Humayun reign 1530, 40, 1555-6.
1540
Suri Dynasty (1540-55)
Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the battles of Chausa and Kanauj and became the emperor.
Humayun is forced into exile in Persia by Sher Shah Suri.
1545
Death of Sher Shah Suri.
1555
Humayun regains empire.
1556
Akbar, son of Humayun, is emperor (1556-1605)
Humayun died after falling from his library (Sher Mandil) stairs.
Thirteen years old Humayun's son Akbar becomes the emperor.
Akbar is famous for his liberal policies especially towards non-Muslims.
Akbar contributed greatly in Indian music. Tansen was the most accomplished musician of that days.
1527
Jahangir is emperor (1605-27)
After Akbar, his son Salim becomes emperor. Salim took the title of Jehagir (Conqueror of the world).
Jehangir's reign consider be the peak of Mughal rule (and his son's reign).
1528
Sha Jahan is emperor (1627-59)
After Jehangir, his son Khurram becomes the empror of Mughal emperor. Khurram took the title of Shah Jehan (Emperor of the World)
The Mughal Empire was at its zenith during Shah Jehan's rule.
1583
Queen Elizabeth I dispatched the ship Tyger to the sub-continent to exploit opportunities for trade.
1614
The British East India Company opens its first office in Bombay.
1658
Aurangzeb Alamgir is emperor (1658-1707).
Sikhs organize as a warrior sect.
1707
Aurangzeb Alamgir died.
His death regards as the beginning of the end of Mughal empires.
Aurangzeb Alamgir's son bahadur Shah Zafar becomes the last emperor of Mughal dynastry.
1736
Founding of Kalhora Dynasty in Sindh
1739
Nadir Shah of Persia invades the subcontinent.
1747-73
Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Kingdom of Afghanistan and acquires Indus territories, Punjab and Kashmir.
1757
The battle of Plassey is considered a major breakthrough for the Britishers in the Subcontinent.
1707 - 1762
Shah wali Ullah's Reform Movement.
1760-1830
Sikhs become dominate force in Pubjab.
1789
Talpur Balochis overthrow Kalhora Dynazty in Sindh
1799-1839
Ranjit Singh rules Punjab from Lahore.
1830
Faraizi Movement (1830-57)
1843
British annex Sindh.
First British-Afghan War
1845-6
First British-Sikh War
1848-9
The British defeat the Sikhs in Second Sikh War, annex Punjab and NWFP
1857
First War of Independence (Mutiny)
1858
British government assumes direct rule of British East India Company lands, establishes British Raj
Aligarh Movement (1858-98)
1866
Deoband Movement (1866-1947)
1884
Anjuman Himayat-i-Islam, Lahore (1884-1947)
1885
Establishment of Indian National Congress
1887
All districts of Balochistan in British hands
1889
British establish Gilgit Agency
1891
British conquer Hunza and Nagar
1894
Nadva-tul-'Ulama of Lucknow (1894-1947)
1906
December 30 -- The annual meeting of Mohammadan Educational Conference held at Dacca under the chairmanship of Nawab Viqar ul Mulk. In the meeting Nawab Salim ullah Khan presented a proposal to establish a political party, All India Muslim League, to safeguard the interests of the Muslims.
All India Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism
1916
The Lucknow Pact
1919
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
1930
Mohammad Iqbal proposes creation of separate Muslim state
1940
Lahore Resolution, which endorses idea of separate nation for India's Muslims, to be called Pakistan.
1947
June 3 -- the British Government accepted the idea of partition of India.
July 18 -- The British Parliament passes the Indian Independence Act.
July 19 -- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister.
August 14 -- Birth of Pakistan, consisting of East Bengal, a part of Assam (Sylhet), West Punjab, Sind, NWFP and Baluchistan.
Some 15 million people flee religious persecution, Muslim fleeing to East and West Pakistan, while Hindus flee to India. An estimated one million people are killed in widespread communal violence and millions are made homeless.
Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935 (with certain adaptations) becomes constitution of Pakistan.
August 15 -- Quid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) of Muslim League becomes first governor-general and Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister of the new nation.
1948