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FC-1 fighter plane flight control system including fax and traditional two kind of patterns
? on March 03, 2008 07:48 modern armament
FC-1 fighter plane flight control system including fax and traditional two kind of patterns
The Fierce Dragon FC-1 fighter plane installs domestic product electronic countermeasure and jamming system

  A flight control system FC 1 fighter aircraft has used a set of unique flight control system. This set of careful design's system has the high performance, the low price characteristic, both can use the fax control system's advanced flight control ability, relaxes the airplane static margin, to enhance the maneuvering performance, and retained the tradition partial hydraulic circuit and the system takes the secondary part's operation and the security backup, has met a FC 1 this kind of localization unique fighter aircraft high performance aspect need completely.

  FC one 1 has used the mixed style fly-by-wire which set of processes simplify. In order to realize the high lifting force, the high agility, the airplane in longitudinal used the digital entire jurisdiction four redundancy to add two redundancy simulation type fly-by-wire, the control maneuvering performance most essential flap, all-moving elevator; Crosswise uses the digital two redundancy limited jurisdiction control augmentation, take the mechanical type control system as a backup, controls the rudder and the aileron. A FC 1 air operated control surface design idea is quite exquisite, has not used three generation of machine popular flaperon designs, but separates them, from the aileron function and simplified by the independence. Regarding uses the entire fax system's third generation fighter aircraft using the relaxation steady-state stability to say massively, its so-called relaxation steady-state stability mainly refers to the longitudinal static margin, all fighter aircrafts crosswise are Jinan decide. Therefore, in the complete three axle four redundancy fly-by-wire, the horizontal direction's part cannot obtain the big advantage from the fax system, on the contrary must pay 3 above control surfaces the channels and 35% above software work load.

  Because a FC 1 fighter aircraft locates in the low price, the high performance, must use the relaxation steady-state stability for the high performance the layout, this needs a set plenary powers to limit power consumption passes on the control system, its price often surpasses several million dollars. China has a proverb: The good steel must use on the knife edge. The FC-l fighter aircraft's chief design engineer fully realizes the control system characteristic, therefore most needs to fax boldly system's longitudinal control surface and only needs to control the augmentation to be able to satisfy the request the lateral controls to come independently, then uses a group completely different control system respectively. Actually FC 1 lateral controls may also regard as are operate under a 2 redundancy fax systems control. In the normal condition, the airplane gathering flight control stick instruction and the inertial guidance system's attitude parameter, the atmospheric computer's air parameter and so on, carries on the digit in the flight control computer to be comprehensive, through the three axle inverse amplification factor actuation longitudinal movement server and the crosswise electric servo, realizes the three-axis control augmentation. The horizontal direction's mechanism control system through the traditional tension bar and the rocking shaft, realizes to the aileron and rudder's control; The control augmentation fax operation realizes through and the mechanical system coupling's compound rocking shaft, the control augmentation's operation joins through computer control's electric servo to the control channel. The leading edge maneuver wing flaps are free, under computer control automatic corresponding speeds and angle of attack balanced deflection, only when stall may the manual compulsion restoration.

  A FC 1 control system's reliability is high, four redundancy fax system has two group breakdown security ability originally, if four groups have the problem, but may also degrade to the simulation fax control. This set of systems can satisfy the airplane to return from cruise, the landing as well as the majority of ordinary flight operation implementation; The aileron control augmentation is also same, itself has two group breakdown security structure, in addition the mechanical system is also the double redundancy, the control augmentation breaks down when may also degrade the use, similarly may satisfy the normal flight and return from cruise the landing. A FC 1 complex reliability design not greatly possibly has the opportunity in the daily use, but massively had considered the operational condition alights from a plane Rong Shang characteristic, therefore only then designed has been so complex and the firm reliable system.

  Because FC one 1 in fact has flies controls under the computer control the completely automatic control flight, therefore coordinate radar terrain following ability and inertial navigation system's geographic information system, has the minimum altitude automatic terrain following flying ability. The former hedge-hopping flight is depends upon the pilot technology to be good, to be courageous, once meets the complex topographical condition and the request enters a lower altitude, was the manpower is unperformable. FC one 1 may by fly controls the software to form the autopilot, completes automatically under the minimum altitude condition the safe flight, has built the good foundation for it to the place attack capability's development.

  Looking from test pilot's actual experience, this set of simplified combination flying control control system obtains the enormous success, the pilots has appreciated its mobile control, smooth flight ability and the good operation feeling. A FC 1 control handle does not look like F 116 such to use the strength coupling, but uses the displacement and the strength back coupling dual couplings, the fax systematic and control feel between mechanical system's is nearly completely consistent, the strength back coupling's feeling is more direct, control feel closer tradition fighter aircraft, but has is more dexterous and is simple.

  A FC 1 flight control system is in an engineering masterpiece, has manifested the performance and the price organic synthesis process perfectly, realized both the high performance and inexpensive to decide the project objective.

  From the performance, this set of systems and the F 116 three axle four redundancy fax system effectiveness not the slightest difference, but from the price, this set of systems is only F 116 system's half, is really a great pioneering work, in the worldwide scale has not seen the so careful design and the selection design proposal.

  The advanced electron recognition system as early as in the 60s's Vietnam War, the US realized that is decided to the beyond line of sight air fight by the foe identification aspect level. But the early electronic technology is insufficient to solve this problem, the reply type identification of friend or foe system can only identify less than 30% goals, in addition the early time electronic installation reliability is low, “the house sparrow” the missile just started when the application shoots down one's own side airplane to shoot down the enemy airplanes quantity to be also more. Hereafter the United States Air Force promulgates a battle principle: Namely all airborne targets do not undergo the reliable identification and the recognition, does not permit launching attacks. This causes the massive American airplane to need to fly the goal to be able the bulk recognition distance to be able to launch attacks, has lost the beyond line of sight combat's significance. This criterion other countries is also observed by the world, has caused “the house sparrow” directly time low-spirited ending.

  After the 80s, relies on the advanced computer technology, the foe identification technology also starts to obtain the rapidly expand, this also benefits from the entire aviation industry standardization. The advanced friend-or-foe identification still used the reply type, but this kind of reply type and the early time simple are one to one different to the cipher way, it aims at the civil channel, the military channel and the special electronic channel separately launches a large quantities of pack signal, inside even includes the enemy side responser's request signal and the code. According to carries on the analysis to the goal reply reply signal, may identify the civil flight vehicle, one's own side flight vehicle and the enemy side flight vehicle directly, as well as few cannot be recognized categories and so on flight vehicle. In may identify in the flight vehicle, the recognition system may save the storehouse according to the computer the ID code recognition storehouse to identify the type of airplane accurately, even which airplane can accurately to the concrete. To goal which cannot recognize, it according to opposite party responder reply signal type first its recognition for enemy airplanes, allied plane or unclear goal, may also through the war zone tactic information distribution, from the early warning radar place learning goal enemy and ourselves attribute, and comes out its sign row, simultaneously the record object sends out the inquiry or the identification signal, carry on its characteristic from define and save.

Translation result for http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/p/2008-03-03/0748488132.html
 
Dragon eyeball legend: FC-1 fight flight operations electricity systems synthesis analysis (group chart)
? on March 03, 2008 07:48 modern armament
Dragon eyeball legend:FC-1 fight flight operations electricity systems synthesis analysis (group chart)
FC-1 fights the flight operations electricity system and the cabin design not only has the world first-class cabin environment, also has the world advanced level entire digitized navigation electricity system.

Dragon eyeball legend:FC-1 fight flight operations electricity systems synthesis analysis (group chart)
The domestically produced Fierce Dragon fighter plane with the distributional synthesis optics aperture imaging system, this set of systems not yet equips on the Western third generation fighter aircraft even third generation half fighter aircraft

Stated: This article is "Modern armament" the magazine supplies "the Sina Military" own manuscript. Without the permission, please do not reprint.

  Bi tyrant/article

  (continued) electronic warfare system electronic warfare system is a FC 1 fighter aircraft's luminescent spot. According to the Pakistani initial request, the electronic warfare system only by the radar warning device, the missile approaches the warning device and the chaff jamming ball delivery management system management system constitution, we saw finally a FC 1 fighter aircraft not only greatly enhanced these three item of equipment's performance, but also additionally built the driving electronic countermeasure aircraft.

  The radar warning device is a modern fighter aircraft self-defense very important method, it can tell the pilot the enemy the movement and the plan. The modern battlefield is highly the complication electromagnetic radiation battlefield, as a result of radar's popularization, in the sky will be flooding the massive various radar's electromagnetic wave in the future. The traditional radar warning device general correspondence special fire control radar, these radars concentrate in the I/G wave band, once the aiming goal, the radar will radiate the airplane unceasingly very much by the high-frequency, will carry on the high accuracy track, and the parameter which will obtain using the track carries on the weapon hypothesis and the launch control. After the 90s, a fighter aircraft will be radiated at least in the airborne each second by over a million electromagnetic pulses, if will report these radiations for the pilot, then he will be welled up without doubt magnanimous information submergence.

  The advanced radar warning system will accept the electric wave frequency sweep classification, and carries on the high data rate sampling, uses the computer to carry on for the sampled signal compared to for with the analysis, seeks for fire control radar's condition code. The Modern Radar after having introduced the frequency agility technology, the radar signal scatters according to certain mathematics rule in the very narrow frequency band, this brings the very big trouble for the radar warning device's receive and the filtration signal. In order to deal with this electronic countermeasures means that the advanced radar warning equipment through will accept the electric circuit to receive the electric wave to carry on consulting, the identical electric wave different phase which the use different position will accept, judges general direction which the electric wave will originate, and all electric waves will carry on the accumulation to this direction, will carry on rightly compared to with the computer internal storage's known radar characteristic signal. Through the analysis frequency and the pulse characteristic, the radar warning device not only may know the threat the origin direction, but can also judge through the characteristic threatens the approximate function which the radar uses, may judge the threat degree through the pulse crowded degree, for instance whether to be at the fixed condition. The more advanced radar warning device may also the signal storehouse which saves through electronic intelligence's collection and the computer compared to right, distinguishes most has the threat the unit type, then infers the threat type. A FC 1 fighter aircraft uses the radar warning device has the such advanced performance, can cover 360. The entire air zone, may preserve 100~500 different models in the memory the radar characteristics, but also allows the wartime to carry on programs, may the electronic intelligence which collects most newly transform rapidly as the battle efficiency, can deal with the new threat which well appears unceasingly.

  The missile approaches the warning is the new equipment which the recent for several years develop. The early similar equipment uses big field of view lens about 180 degrees to 220 degree about air zones to carry on the surveillance to the airplane rear end direction, using missile launching when will have the massive sudden change ultraviolet ray and the infrared signal, will thus provide the enemy the missile threat the warning. Will present the massive smoke and fires frequently in the battlefield, the sunlight reflects from the reflective very high white clouds, as well as will have the possibility facing the sunlight reflection to let this set of system hyperaesthesia. Usually uses the digitization signal processing to cope with this kind of false warning, its main principle will be will work continually according to the missile rocket engine period of time, and this signal's appearance will become a path continuously, the instantaneous flash and the long time stable photo source can filter continuously, will thus obtain the real missile threat.

  A more advanced missile approaches the warning system to use the distributional synthesis optics aperture imaging system. Listens is a little familiar, right, this that EODAS which 135 uses with American F is somewhat similar. The distributional synthesis optics aperture imaging system replaced the beforehand point source scanning system using the image formation system, the image formation part mostly has used the indium antimonide or the silicification platinum. The former has the very good speed of response and the sensitivity, but the price is expensive; The latter has a higher clarity and the angle detail resolution, the low in price, the shortcoming is the probing range is inferior to the former, these two kind of high performance part needs the liquid nitrogen refrigeration. F 135 use 128×128 indium antimonide CCD not only to be responsible for the missile close on the warning, but must while convenient complete 360. The video frequency surveillance, was already not a pure warning equipment. A more inexpensive system will choose the thermoelectricity refrigeration the lead sulfide primary device, this kind of component price will be cheap, will radiate 1~3 microns wave bands to the missile rocket engine to be exceptionally sensitive. This wave band's infrared radiation is generally causes by the high temperature, only then the flame, the missile tail smoke and the nozzle and so on will only then produce, have the very good filtration natural radiation function; And its image formation system can also very good cope with the false warning. This kind of system often is not responsible for the peripheral environmental surveillance, some systems when optics aperture design uses the diffraction grating prism to pass to the infrared signal the infrared sensor, but the white light signal passes to has night vision ability blue silicon CCD, forms the television video signal, both supplementary, can also achieve the quite ideal performance.

---------- Post added at 12:58 AM ---------- Previous post was at 12:58 AM ----------

The FC-1 missile closes on the warning system to use the distributional synthesis optics aperture imaging system, uses 4 optics apertures to complete for the level 360 degrees, the vertical ±40 cover, (a F more than 135 special-purpose foresight and special downward looking optics apertures). This set of systems not yet equip on the Western third generation fighter aircraft even third generation half fighter aircraft, France “the Rafale” has the similar system, as soon as uses the unusual image formation system, 3 aperture scanning component, the technical level abdicates slightly plans. The missile approaches the warning system to be ordinary and radar warning system crossing linking, the system will carry on the high accuracy key observation on own initiative to the radar warning direction, once discovered that will have launches missiles the sign, immediately informs missile's accurate position the pilot, even may carry on the track to the missile path, will judge missile's general distance through optics angle triangle computation. The image formation system warning system may superimpose during warning's the danger bearing video signal on the Multi-functional Displays demonstrated that is advantageous in the pilot judges. After its software further develops, but may also realize to all threat goal automatic video frequency demonstrated that avoids the miscarriage of justice which, because the artificial intelligence is insufficient and leaks sentences, simultaneously can also avoid the enemy airplanes to a great extent the sneak attack. From the Vietnam War to the Persian Gulf War, the majority air fight's results attacks the side, in the match does not know the circumstances of the matter in the situation goes well from the pilot field of vision blind spot. Will have this set of systems, the traditional blind spot will not have existed. Now also not a clear FC 1 this set of systematic development degree, uses the big area liquid-crystal display looking from its cabin, will have many video frequencies to demonstrate very obviously, may put several different region video frequencies to a monitor on concentrates the demonstration. This set of systems may strengthen fighter aircraft's survivability and close combat ability enormously, this will appear very important to the future air fight.

  The chaff/infrared countermeasure ball release gear is also the modern fighter aircraft electronic countermeasure standard equipment. This kind starts the electronic countermeasure ball which from the Korean War uses massively, although is simple, but 40 year later today still valid. In order to resist the chaff/infrared countermeasure ball, the nearly all Modern Radar and the missile have made various improvements, but which one method doesn't have is completely effective. The however 40 year between target-oriented research development has the progress after all, it could weaken the chaff/infrared countermeasure ball enormously the potency, present's fighter aircraft already could not rely on the simple launch massive disturbance ball to escape missile's attack. Moreover the disturbance ball's delivery opportunity became very essential - - throws early, very easily and is removed by missile's antijamming circuit identify; Threw late, the missile without enough time was also deceived throws in the airplane, and the missile raided the direction and the delivery disturbance ball's best opportunity was also various. Therefore, the advanced jamming system meter equipment does not have the advanced disturbance ball, but can also closes on the warning system forecast time according to the radar warning system and the missile to judge the most appropriate opportunity, is best and pilot's circumvention movement unifies, can play the biggest interference effect. Speaking of the present technical level, did not have the missile which cannot disturb, but the concrete potency looked completely the implementation is mobile and delivery countermeasure opportunity. FC 1 this set of comprehensive navigation electricity may unify the high accuracy radar to report an emergency and to approach warning's information, the localization and so on, the automatic control disturbance ball jettison system, can display sufficiently this kind of disturbance method potency the limit.

  The chaff ball is the passive disturbance method after all, once the missile launching, is left over is the hit probability question. How no matter the airplane does do, can only reduce this hit probability, but cannot eliminate it thoroughly. The self-defense type electronic countermeasure aircraft is one driving method, its resistance goal mainly has two: First, the fighter aircraft radar or the ground guided missile system's fire control radar, another is the present threatens day by day the serious active radar guidance advanced empty/surface-to-air missile. The self-defense type electronic countermeasure aircraft may frustrate opposite party to launch missiles the attempt effectively, with the aid in the modern electronic technology's development, a set of function complex countermeasure aircraft volume and the weight already reduced several times 10 years ago, price also inexpensive many, no longer is the heavy fighter aircraft can use. The FC-1 fighter aircraft installs the countermeasure aircraft in the vertical stabilizer peak, has forward and latter to two antennas, may cover 360. Air zone. The common electronic countermeasure mainly uses methods and so on echo repeater, angle deceit, narrow wave band blocking, the goal lies in disturbs the fighter aircraft or on guided missile system's radar, lets it be unable to obtain the correct target position information, thus destruction aiming and guidance. This will be one item facing future design, Pakistan's main simulated enemy India had already equipped the massive R 177 advanced medium range air-to-air missiles, this kind of weapon to the Palestinian Air force was one kind of serious threat. The self-defense type electronic countermeasure aircraft's design has made specially the optimization to the fighter aircraft radar and this kind of missile's detection unit, may the effective jamming current fire control radar and the missile, and has may program ability again, may through accept the new software, but carries on the promotion to the system.

  The communication and a tactical data chain FC 1 fighter aircraft's communication system mainly depends upon two Italian Marconi Company to produce digital encrypts the UHF wave band antijamming aircraft-borne long-distance Blower, mainly uses in ground-to-air and to the place pronunciation telephone conversation. The broadcasting station uses the digital frequency modulation amplitude-modulation coding security communication, has the high-frequency frequency-hopping and jumps wide frequency antijamming ability, a broadcasting station has conforms to the American 16 data chain long-distance UHF data transmission standard ultrashort wave data chain, may transmit the tactical direction information and the tactical sharing information. Two broadcasting station's pronunciation telephone conversation serves as each other's backup, and are connected through 1553B and the duty computer, may in command system's standard tactic information fusion tactic synthesis information demonstration, or automatically in the tactical guidance map superscript row. When main line breakdown, the communication system may maintain with through the manual control broadcasting station maneuver box the ground pronunciation relation.

  After a FC 1 official service, Singapore Airlines will perhaps use set of double data chains the long-distance communication system, will use on back's antenna and the abdomen antenna separately. If Pakistan purchases Sweden “to love the Li eye” the early-warning aircraft, will then use Italy's product; If purchases China's early-warning aircraft, will then possibly use China's communication system, regardless of which one kind will choose, they will be integrated to a set of standard union tactic information distribution system. If FC-1 can realize the tactical information through the communication system to share automatically, then fighter aircraft's battle efficiency and informationization ability will obtain the enormous enhancement. Summed up the construction by this machine present navigation electrical system has this condition completely, perhaps this was the next step software development key point.

  The external store management and a weapon control system FC 1 fighter aircraft hangs a design is a very fine product, it defers to the Western standard completely the MIL-STD 11,760 designs and the implementation, can hang carries to conform to this standard external store, simultaneously also designed in the similar position has been possible the non-standard which adapted with the Russian weapon to hang the spot. Each hangs to use the standardized weapon connection unit, may monitor the weapon alone the external condition, carries out pilot's weapon operation, the monitoring projection condition, the monitoring weapon delivery plan, the transmission weapon to deliver the instruction, the emergency release plan, the bidirectional transmission weapon control information and so on. The connection unit and the independent external management computer are connected, and accepts the weapon task management computer's control through the 1553B data bus. Through the duty computer to the weapon condition and parameter processing, the weapon and the external store information will demonstrate on even obviously and the Multi-functional Displays.

  Had the external store management system management system, pilot's strike weapon choice and the use becomes even more quickly, convenient, and is more reliable. Early F 116 fighter aircraft such systems, the first set of external store management system management system has not been Israel acts according to the massive war experience to make, and is purchased rapidly by the US and popularizes to all aircraft formations. This system can let the pilot reasonably a series of questions which using airplane's external weapon, automatic coordinated external involves, may liberates the pilot energy from the external weapon use and in the choice skill hesitation. The flexible auto-adapted delivery plan compared to the pilot after the manual selective jettison gallows, ponder delivery's a series of consequences and airplane's change wants relaxed and quickly many. When specially hangs carries the type complex weapon carries out some pointed very strong tasks or the random very strong duty, this set of systematic functions can be more obvious. A FC 1 system most unique place, is may also realize through this set of systems to the Eastern system's weapon with the Western weapon same task management, has enriched a FC 1 weapon applicable scope and the choice surface enormously.
 
follow the link below my posts and read translated pages, very detailed info on JFT avionics, must read!!
 
Nabil i was hoping to hear some good news about HMD/HMS from you.
 
Two JF-17s will be participating in Paris air show this year. One will be on static display while the other one for the flight display.

Russian Su-30 will be on the static and air display, F-16C and F-15E from USAF will also be there. F-35 may or may not make an appearance.Rafale will obviously be showcasing its strong points on the home turf.

Notable no-shows come from JAS-39 Gripen and F-18 Super Hornet.

Other aircrafts are going to be M-346 advanced jet trainer, C-27 J tactical transport, C-17, C-130J, Airbus Ml 400m, PC-21, AT802 and Tiger Attack Helicopter.JF-17 Thunder to be at Paris Airshow! | JF-17 Thunder
 
nabil, i hope ive covered most of the related articles in the pool-- as i havent had time to read them in full detail at the moment -- i havent posted your 3 posts there as i figured maybe they are summaries of the 20 pages i came across??
 
Two JF-17s will be participating in Paris air show this year. One will be on static display while the other one for the flight display.

Russian Su-30 will be on the static and air display, F-16C and F-15E from USAF will also be there. F-35 may or may not make an appearance.Rafale will obviously be showcasing its strong points on the home turf.

Notable no-shows come from JAS-39 Gripen and F-18 Super Hornet.

Other aircrafts are going to be M-346 advanced jet trainer, C-27 J tactical transport, C-17, C-130J, Airbus Ml 400m, PC-21, AT802 and Tiger Attack Helicopter.JF-17 Thunder to be at Paris Airshow! | JF-17 Thunder

Old news dear already posted in a separate thread
 
But Bharamchari never let the French Deal happen before.. how is it different this time?
 
Care to elaborate?? Why have they been killed? And by whom? It's not like the F-16 is the F-22 or B-2 it's and old plane so what could be so sensitive about it?? Very odd.

Sorry i used off topic reference in reference to choice of avionics and you picked the same.

Just to answer you briefly.. some Turkish aeronautical engineers associated with Turkish F-16 mission computers, discovered some discrepancy and immediately after all of them were dead in isolated incidences like accidents, suicide etc. in short span of time.

Since than Turkey started working on indigenous mission computers for F-16, followed by complete indigenous fighter jet project.
I think references can be found on web and i'm sure Turkish members can give references.

I hope to close this off topic discussion with this.
 
Sorry i used off topic reference in reference to choice of avionics and you picked the same.

Just to answer you briefly.. some Turkish aeronautical engineers associated with Turkish F-16 mission computers, discovered some discrepancy and immediately after all of them were dead in isolated incidences like accidents, suicide etc. in short span of time.

Since than Turkey started working on indigenous mission computers for F-16, followed by complete indigenous fighter jet project.
I think references can be found on web and i'm sure Turkish members can give references.

I hope to close this off topic discussion with this.

Batman: You may find this post of some interest:

from: High-tech warfare: Something wrong with our **** chips today | The Economist

High-tech warfare
Something wrong with our **** chips today
Kill switches are changing the conduct and politics of war

Apr 7th 2011 | from the print edition

IN THE 1991 Gulf war Iraq’s armed forces used American-made colour photocopiers to produce their battle plans. That was a mistake. The circuitry in some of them contained concealed transmitters that revealed their position to American electronic-warfare aircraft, making bomb and missile strikes more precise. The operation, described by David Lindahl, a specialist at the Swedish Defence Research Agency, a government think-tank, highlights a secret front in high-tech warfare: turning enemy assets into liabilities.

The internet and the growing complexity of electronic circuitry have made it much easier to install what are known as “kill switches” and “back doors”, which may disable, betray or blow up the devices in which they are installed. Chips can easily contain 2 billion transistors, leaving plenty of scope to design a few that operate secretly. Testing even a handful of them for anomalies requires weeks of work.

Kill switches and other remote controls are on the minds of Western governments pondering whether to send weapons such as sophisticated anti-tank missiles, normally tightly policed, to rebels in Libya. Keeping tabs on when and where they are fired will allay fears that they could end up in terrorist hands. Such efforts would not even need to be kept secret. A former CIA official says the rebels could be told: “Look, we’re going to give you this, but we want to be able to control it.”

That lesson was first learned in Afghanistan in the 1980s, when America supplied Stinger missiles to help Afghan fighters against Soviet helicopter gunships, only to have to comb the region’s arms bazaars in later years to buy them back (some were then booby-trapped and sold again, to deter anyone tempted to use them).

America worries about becoming the victim of kill switches itself. Six years ago a report by America’s Defence Science Board, an official advisory body, said “unauthorised design inclusions” in foreign-made chips could help an outside power gain a measure of control over critical American hardware.

Chips off the home block

In response, America has launched schemes such as the Trusted Foundry Programme, which certifies “secure, domestic” facilities for the manufacture of the most critical microchips. The Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a Pentagon outfit devoted to expanding the military’s technological abilities, will spend at least $20m this year on ways to identify rogue microchips. The Army Research Office is holding a closed conference on kill switches in mid-April.

Farinaz Koushanfar, a DARPA-funded expert at Texas’s Rice University, says microchip designers would like to be able to switch off their products “in the wild”, in case the contractors that make the chips produce some extra ones to sell on the sly. She designs “active hardware metering” chips that, in devices connected to the internet, can remotely identify them and if necessary switch them off.

An obvious countermeasure is to keep critical defence equipment off the net. But that is only a partial solution. Chips can be designed to break down at a certain date. An innocent-looking component or even a bit of soldering can be a disguised antenna. When it receives the right radio signal, from, say, a mobile-phone network, aircraft or satellite, the device may blow up, shut down, or work differently.

Old-fashioned spying can reveal technological weaknesses too. Mr Lindahl says Sweden obtained detailed information on circuitry in a heat-seeking missile that at least one potential adversary might, in wartime, shoot at one of its eight C-130 Hercules military-transport planes. A slight but precise change in the ejection tempo of the decoy flares would direct those missiles towards the flame, not the aircraft.

Such tricks may be handy in dealing with unreliable allies as well as foes, but they can also hamper Western efforts to contain risk in unstable countries. Pakistan has blocked American efforts to safeguard its nuclear facilities. The country’s former ambassador to the United Nations, Munir Akram, cites fears that such measures will include secret remote controls to shut the nuclear programme down. A European defence official says even video surveillance cameras can intercept or disrupt communications. To avoid such threats, Pakistani engineers laboriously disassemble foreign components and replicate them.

Wesley Clark, a retired general who once headed NATO’s forces, says that “rampant” fears of kill switches make American-backed defence co-operation agreements a harder sell. David Kay, a notable United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq, bemoans “scepticism and paranoia”. You just can’t trust anybody these days, even in the weapons business.

from the print edition | International
 
A chin mounted pylon is likely, payload is likely to be increased from 8000 lbs, my assumption is about 500-1000 lb might be possible. Remember, it will have more powerful WS-13 instead of RD series. This is where Strengthening the undercarriage comes into equation, more load out, heavier plane.

I hope this modification is on request of PLAAF and PAF has its own direction and priorities.
IMO.. JFT shall remain small, light and agile as much possible.
 
A-5 will be replaced by FC-1 in PLAAF too....


April 11 this year, Pakistan's second "Fierce Dragon" Squadron started changing, the original equipment of the squadron officially retired strong -5. 这也宣告巴基斯坦空军的最后一批强-5攻击机正式结束其历史使命。 It also declared the last batch of the Pakistan Air Force attack aircraft Strong -5 formally end its historic mission.

从部队番号来看,巴基斯坦最先换装“枭龙”的两个中队(“黑蜘蛛”和“黑豹”中队)均原配备强-5攻击机,也是原先仅有的两个强-5中队,是空中对地攻击的主力部队。 Designation from the military perspective, Pakistan's first facelift, "Xiaolong" The two squadrons ("Black Spider" and "Black Panther" Squadron) were originally equipped with strong -5 attack aircraft, also originally the only two strong -5 Squadron, is the main ground attack air force. 尽管换装的“枭龙”属于战斗机范畴,但这两个中队未来仍可能以对地攻击为主要职责。 Despite the facelift of the "Fierce Dragon" is a fighter category, but may still be in the next two squadrons of ground attack as the main duties. 因此,“枭龙”的对地攻击能力开始受到重新审视。 Therefore, the "Fierce Dragon" on the ground attack began to be re-examined.

现代战斗机普遍具备多用途作战能力,“枭龙”在这方面亦不差。 Common with modern multi-purpose fighter aircraft combat capability, "Fierce Dragon" is not bad in this regard. 同强-5相比,“枭龙”的载弹量为3.6吨,比强-5多近一倍,并且配有较先进的制导炸弹和导弹武器。 -5 Compared with the strong, "Fierce Dragon" payload of 3.6 tons, almost double than the stronger -5, and with more advanced guided bombs and missile weapons. 尽管同F-16相比,“枭龙”的对地武器种类仍有限,但比强-5已有很大进步。 Although compared with the F-16, "Fierce Dragon" on the ground types of weapons is still limited, but significant progress has been more than strong -5. 而且“枭龙”作战半径比强-5增加一倍以上,达到1350公里,进一步发展的潜力很大。 And "Fierce Dragon" Strong -5 than the increase in combat radius of more than doubled to 1350 km, great potential for further development.

据报道,中国空军未来也可能批量装备“枭龙”。 According to reports, the Chinese Air Force may also be the future bulk equipment "Fierce Dragon." 但很多军事爱好者认为,在歼-10大批服役的情况下,廉价的“枭龙”已没必要装备。 But many military fans that serve large numbers in the case of J -10, the cheap "Fierce Dragon" has not the necessary equipment. 平心而论,“枭龙”虽然属于廉价战机,但综合性能并不差,足以满足大部分国土作战需要。 In all fairness, "Fierce Dragon" Although the fighters are cheap, but overall performance is not bad, most of the land sufficient to meet operational needs. 尽管中国已经推出歼-20隐身战机,但和F-22、F-35等天价战机一样,都存在造价昂贵、产量有限的问题。 Although China has launched the F -20 stealth fighter, but, and F-22, F-35 fighter planes such as price, there is expensive, limited production problems. 如果面对特大规模战争,“枭龙”这类廉价战斗机的战略价值将会凸显。 Especially if the face of large-scale war, "Fierce Dragon" These cheap and will highlight the strategic value of aircraft.

不过,中国空军数百架的强-5是否会以“枭龙”为换代品,仍存在疑问。 However, hundreds of Chinese Air Force will stand strong -5 to "Fierce Dragon" for the new generation products, there are still questions. 目前,强-5部队的换代品主要是“飞豹”战斗轰炸机。 Currently, the strong replacement products -5 forces are the "Flying Leopard" fighter-bomber. “飞豹”是一款不错的对地打击平台,但相对于强-5机体太大,最大起飞重量增加了一倍半,出击成本也相对较高。 "Flying Leopard" is a good platform for combat, but the body is too large relative to the strong -5, the maximum takeoff weight increase of a half times the cost of attack is relatively high. “枭龙”重量则和强-5比较接近,可以担当更灵活的轻量级打击者。 "Fierce Dragon" and the strong weight is close to -5, you can take a more flexible and lightweight batter. 但“枭龙”也存在缺陷,就是配套的对地攻击武器和电子设备仍较为薄弱,需要在技术上进一步完善。 But the "Fierce Dragon" is also flawed, is supporting ground attack weapons and electronic equipment is still relatively weak and required further improvement in technology.

目前中国海空军仍有约1000架歼-7、强-5等老旧战机,其中300-400架虽然可更换为价格较贵的歼-10和“飞豹”(目前两者已有数百架),但其余500架以上可替换为较廉价的“枭龙”。 Air China Sea, about 1000 J -7, -5 and so strong the old fighters, of which 300-400 aircraft although they may be more expensive to replace the F -10 and the "Flying Leopard" (currently between hundreds of aircraft ), but the remaining 500 can be replaced with less expensive than the "Fierce Dragon." 因此,“枭龙”在未来中国仍有较大的市场。 Therefore, the "Fierce Dragon" in the future there is still a large market in China.

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Gripen is out of MRCA any chance of Vixen 1000 or PAF will stick to the plan.:P
 
Gripen is out of MRCA any chance of Vixen 1000 or PAF will stick to the plan.:P

Oh man i wish may vixen 1000 for JFT blk 2-3 prove to be true, but, for now, Chinese AESA will do the job.
 
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