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Japan has like the 3rd most HSR per country per your charts, I don't see why it doesn't have much. Hell, my country has no HSR rail at all.
It's just that China has much more.
When China has 80% of the world total HSR, the second , third, One hundredth don't make much difference.
 
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When China has 80% of the world total HSR, the second , third, One hundredth don't make much difference.
Well, the world isn't just China, as said, most countries don't have HSR yet.
It's unfair to keep China as the standards.

It's like saying the world is rich because we have billionaires.
 
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UDMH/N204 is liquid fuel.

it's typically converted to gel to increase fuel density and avoid leaks but regardless it's highly carcinogenic
 
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it's typically converted to gel to increase fuel density and avoid leaks but regardless it's highly carcinogenic
Yes UDMH which is also called Hydrazine is very toxic.

I actually use Hydrazine in my lab. We call it rocket fuel.

Comparing Liquid and Solid fuel SLV.
Liquid.
1665764620539.png

1665764723127.png

1665764788195.png


Solid
1665764869410.png

1665764929179.png

1665764988766.png


See the different ?
See carefully the shuttle launch. Shuttle has both liquid and solid.
 
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Overview​

The following table is an overview of high speed rail in service or under construction by country, ranked by the amount in service. It shows all the high speed lines (speed of 200 km/h (120 mph) or over) in service. The list is based on UIC figures (International Union of Railways),[3][4] updated with other sources.[5]


#Country or RegionContinentIn
operation
(km)
Under
construction
(km)
Total
(km)
Network
density
(m/km2)
Length
per 100,000 people
(km)
Max.
speed
(km/h)
ElectrificationTrack
gauge

(mm)
Notes
1
23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png
China
Asia40,26729,73370,000[6]4.23.11350[7][8][9][10]25 kV 50 Hz1435Shanghai Maglev: 430 km/h max;[11] The only country in the world to provide overnight sleeping high-speed trains at 250 km/h.
2
23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png
Spain
Europe4,327.11,378.05,705.1[12]8.329.63103 kV DC;
25 kV 50 Hz
1435;
1668
(at least 400 km upgraded and are not listed by UIC)
3
23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png
France
Europe2,735560.14,536.8676.186.17320[13]25 kV 50 Hz1435Dedicated (LGV)
1,242.767220Upgraded
4
23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png
Germany
Europe1,5713,321.836,225.838.838.8330015 kV 16.7 Hz1435Dedicated (NBS)
1,885.4250Upgraded (ABS)
5
23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png
Japan
Asia2,727657.13,384.1[14]8.071.96320[15]25 kV 50 Hz,
25 kV 60 Hz
1435;
1435 and 1067 dual
The first network ever opened; 6411.7 km including approved
6
23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png
Italy
Europe921965.242,982.946.76.730025 kV 50 Hz1435Dedicated
1,096.7250Upgraded
7
23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png
United Kingdom
Europe1132202,142.77.922.79300[16]25 kV 50 Hz AC;
Diesel (or dual);
3 kV DC Third-Rail (at junctions only)
1435Dedicated (HS)
1,814.7201[17]1435Classic upgraded lines
8
23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png
Turkey
Asia7245082,3351.631.1730025 kV 50 Hz1435Dedicated
102550200Upgraded
9
23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png
South Korea
Asia660.91,4352,699.712.62.4430525 kV 60 Hz1435Dedicated
603.8260Upgraded
10
23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png
Finland
Europe1,1202011,3273.3120.0222025 kV 50 Hz1524[18]Only upgraded lines
11
23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png
Sweden
Europe860718.51,578.51.918.3205[19]15 kV 16.7 Hz1435Only upgraded lines
12
23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png
United States
North America7351,789.32,524.30.080.28240
[20][21]
12 kV 25 Hz,
12 kV 60 Hz,
25 kV 60 Hz;
Diesel (or dual)
1435Only upgraded lines; dedicated lines under construction
13
23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png
Greece
Europe7006951,3955.36.5200[22]25 kV 50 Hz1435
14
23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png
Russia
Europe65006500.040.52250[23]3 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz
1520Only upgraded lines
15
23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png
Saudi Arabia
Asia4491,6912,1440.211.3630025 kV 50 Hz1435
16
23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png
Uzbekistan
Asia741465[24]120625025 kV 50 Hz1520Including upgraded lines
17
23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png
Taiwan
Asia332.10332.19.171.4430025 kV 60 Hz1435
18
23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png
Austria
Europe254231.37485.373.032.8125015 kV 16.7 Hz1435Including upgraded lines
19
23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png
Portugal
Europe2276268532.461.9822025 kV 50 Hz1668Only upgraded lines
20
23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png
Poland
Europe224411.457764.6571.131.212003 kV DC1435Only upgraded lines; 484 km extra approved
 
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Yes UDMH which is also called Hydrazine is very toxic.

I actually use Hydrazine in my lab. We call it rocket fuel.

Comparing Liquid and Solid fuel SLV.
Liquid.
View attachment 886771
View attachment 886772
View attachment 886773

Solid
View attachment 886774
View attachment 886775
View attachment 886776

See the different ?
See carefully the shuttle launch. Shuttle has both liquid and solid.
Space Shuttle booster fuel is a low toxicity Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant.
 
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N2O4/UDMH propellant? How could it be solid fuel?
it's typically converted to gel to increase fuel density and avoid leaks but regardless it's highly carcinogenic
N2O4/UDMH propellant are what is called hypergolic.
The moment N2O4 & UDMH in touch with each other that they will burn spontaneously on contact.


It beggars belief how that can ever be turned converted to gel other than in the peculiar universe dbc found himself to be in.
Perhaps the threat of negative rating dbc give to N2O4/UDMH make them frightened with fear that they could be gel together.

dbc must write a paper and win accolades as to his chemical expertise of gelling N2O4/UDMH

IllustriousAshamedBluet-size_restricted.gif
 
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N2O4/UDMH propellant are what is called hypergolic.
The moment N2O4 & UDMH in touch with each other that they will burn spontaneously on contact.


It beggars belief how that can ever be turned converted to gel other than in the peculiar universe dbc found himself to be in.
Perhaps the threat of negative rating dbc give to N2O4/UDMH make them frightened with fear that they could be gel together.

dbc must write a paper and win accolades as to his chemical expertise of gelling N2O4/UDMH

IllustriousAshamedBluet-size_restricted.gif

There are many papers on the subject of gellation of hydrazine particularly on the widely used UDMH Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine.

Varma, M.; Gupta, B.L.; Pandey, M. Formulation & storage studies on hydrazine-based gelled propellants. Def. Sci. J. 1996, 46, 435–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Kubota, N.; Fujiyoshi, H.; Ayabe, T. Gelling propellant and manufacture therefor. JP. Patent Application No. 3,876,469, 10 November 2006. (In Japanese). [Google Scholar]

Rahimi, S.; Hasan, D.; Perets, A. Development of laboratory-scale gel-propulsion technology. J. Propul. Power 2004, 20, 93–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Rahimi, S.; Perets, A.; Natan, B. On share rheology of gel propellants. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech.2007, 32, 165–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Rahimi, S.; Perets, A.; Natan, B. Rheological Matching of Gel Propellants. J. Propul. Power 2010, 26, 376–379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Rahimi, S.; Weihs, D. Gelled fuel simulant droplet impact onto a solid surface. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2011, 36, 273–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Su, X.; Kimura, S.; Wada, M.; Kim, U.-J.; Kuga, S. Complexation of hydrazine with native cellulose in water and toluene. Cellulose 2013, 20, 1023–1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
 
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