500 million more people is bad news for your nation. In the era of the ongoing technological revolution, there is no such term as demographic dividend.
It depends. At worst liabilities, at best consumers. So it depends on how quickly they become middle class citizens over the next 10-15 years.
India does not have a production background, but India's middle class has grown riding on the services industry and most of the GDP comes from domestic consumption. India's current objective is to push the entire population into middle class before 2030. If the population enters middle class, then it comes down to how well educated they become.
So an additional 500 million middle class population is going to be a huge boost to the economy, not a drain.
In India, GDP growth is not the state's responsibility, delivering reforms and creating platforms for growth is. So their biggest goal will be to rein in inflation and provide liquidity in the market, apart from developing infrastructure. You see, even if we get China level FDI into manufacturing, it still won't be at 25% of the GDP after 2025 because our services will continue growing faster than the industry.
China's private sector overall is way stronger than India's, Huawei, Alibaba, Baidu, Lenovo, BYD, DJI, BBK, Midea, Sany, Wanda(the one which is buying cinemas around the world), etc, are all private.
btw, you have no idea what is county-level economy....
China's most developed provinces succeed because of booming private sector.
And the foundation is county-level economy based on private companies.
You assemble phones in india, high-profit components are all from these places where life expectancy is over 80 year old.
Two random counties in Zhejiang Province, will be a one trillion dollar economy in 2020.
I never said your private sector is weak in anyway, I said it is not as big as it should have actually been. For example, in the next 10 years, our private sector will be rivaling today's Walmart and Apple in revenues, whereas your private sector companies are still very small in comparison. In 20 years, you can say the Tata Group will be as big as today's UK.
I mean, your largest private sector company makes a revenue of $45B, while Tata already exceeds $100B. That's from a $11.5T economy versus a $2T economy. Pretty big difference there.
As for county level, my bad I didn't get what you said earlier, I though you were referring to local govt measures, but my explanation has not changed, ours will be led by small and medium scale industries. But our conglomerates are pan-India.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises
In fact, the govt is working to completely erode state level businesses and make them all pan-India through the GST.