Pollution does not equate carbon emission. Certain carbon emissions maybe pollution. Pollution can be an indicator of industrialization but can also be because of inefficiencies, like outdated power plants, low emission standards, open burning of crops, etc. In India's case it's because of open burning and low emission standards of vehicles and low efficiency power plant compared to China. Multiply it by 1.3 bil, you get a lot of pollution.
India is developing fast, I am not denying it but the pollution you are facing is worse than what China experienced during our developmental years. The question is how long can you sustain your country? We are talking about real implosions here my friend, not the China gonna collapse since 1998 thingy.
You are starting from a lower base of course you will be developing faster, it's like saying Nigeria can develop fast or NK can develop fast. You are an economy 5x smaller with 5x less carbon emissions, which makes sense. China is aiming to reduce pollution and carbon emissions while growing, that's the different path we are taking. The amount of technology, infrastructure and investment we created for renewable energy, UHV, pumped storage dams, smart grid, ultra supercritical power plants are all designed for this future.
My point is I see a bleak future for India due to an incompetent government. There is no political will to solve alot of problems, be it hunger, water or pollution. You can contrast this with the Chinese ability. Yet you are gonna face a demographic 'dividend' soon. =). Your water crisis is caused by over population which in turn cause over exploitation which is exacerbated by a useless government.