A new power plant could devastate the world’s largest mangrove forest
By
Chelsea Harvey July 18
The Sundarbans mangrove forest, based on NASA’s Landsat 7 observations in 1999 and 2000. (NASA Earth Observatory)
The planet’s largest mangrove forest could be facing serious trouble in the form of two new coal-fired power plants, environmentalists say — and they’re urging the United Nations to draw greater attention to the issue.
A handful of environmental groups, including Friends of the Earth, the Sierra Club and 350.org, have cumulatively collected 50,000 signatures on a
petition just submitted to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) asking that the
Sundarbans — a region of Bangladesh including a designated World Heritage Site — be placed on the official
List of World Heritage in Danger. Meanwhile, activists continue to lobby against the construction of the power plants.
The petition was submitted ahead of this year’s meeting of the World Heritage Committee, which convened in Istanbul last week. Meanwhile, progress on the Rampal power plant — the proposed project garnering the greatest amount of concern in Bangladesh — continues to move forward. Last week,
local media reported that an official agreement had been signed awarding India’s state-run Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. an engineering and construction deal on the Rampal project, paving the way for its continued development.
The importance of the Sundarbans
The Sundarbans include a region spanning thousands of square miles of land and water in India and Bangladesh and including what may be the largest mangrove forest in the world. The area is known for the rich habitat it provides for hundreds of birds and numerous endangered or threatened species, including the Bengal tiger and the Indian python.
Several locations in the Sundarbans are listed as
World Heritage Sites — United Nations-designated areas identified for their cultural or natural significance. These include the Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh, which spans the drainage basins of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers and is intersected by a complex network of other rivers and waterways.
The Sundarbans mangrove forest was named a World Heritage Site in 1997, and its
UNESCO description notes that the area “supports exceptional biodiversity in its terrestrial, aquatic and marine habitats.” Additionally, the area is critically important for the livelihoods people living in and around the site, protecting their communities from storm and tidal surges, and supporting fishing and farming.
Mohammad Hasib Munsi, 32, sorts fish in the river between the Joymuni village and Sundarbans mangrove forest in 2014 in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. (Getty Images)
Environmental groups in Bangladesh and around the world are worried that the area and its inhabitants may be in jeopardy. Two coal-fired power plants have been proposed, both within a few miles of the Sundarbans, and activists are concerned that the power plants’ presence could alter the critical water balance in the region, pollute the surrounding water and air, and increase the risk of oil and coal spills, all of which they say could seriously damage the mangrove forest and threaten the well-being of the people and animals who call it home.
The most recently proposed project is the
Orion power plant, a 630-megawatt plant being planned by the Orion Group. But the project receiving the most attention is the proposed Rampal power plant, which involves a partnership between India’s state-owned National Thermal Power Corp. and the Bangladesh Power Development Board. The joint venture, which was established in 2012, is known as the
Bangladesh-India Friendship Power Co. Ltd., or BIFPCL. The plan for the Rampal power plant is an installed capacity of 1,320 megawatts.
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