@Place Of Space
Sampit conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Sampit conflict was an outbreak of inter-ethnic violence in
Indonesia, beginning in February 2001 and lasting throughout the year. The conflict started in the town of
Sampit,
Central Kalimantan Province, and spread throughout the province, including the capital,
Palangkaraya. The conflict was between the indigenous
Dayak people and the migrant Madurese from the island of
Madura.
[1]
It broke out on February 18, 2001 when two Madurese were attacked by a number of Dayaks.
[2] The conflict resulted in more than 500 deaths, with over 100,000 Madurese displaced from their homes.
[3] Many Madurese were also found
decapitated by the Dayaks.
[4]
Background[edit]
The Sampit conflict in 2001 was not an isolated incident, as there had been previous incidents of violence between the Dayaks and the Madurese. The last major conflict occurred between December 1996 and January 1997, and resulted in more than 600 deaths.
[5] The Madurese first arrived in
Borneo in 1930 under the
transmigration programinitiated by the Dutch colonial administration, and continued by the Indonesian government.
[6] In 1999,
Malays and
Dayaks joined together in
Kalimantan in
Indonesia to persecute and massacre
Madurese during the
Sambas conflict. Madurese were mutilated, raped, and killed by the Malays and Dayaks and 3,000 of them died in the massacres, with the Indonesian government doing little to stop the violence.
[7]
In 2000, transmigrants made up 21% of the population in Central Kalimantan.
[3] The Dayaks are said to be dissatisfied with the increased competition coming from the more aggressive Madurese. New laws had allowed the Madurese to assume control of many commercial industries in the province, such as logging, mining, and plantations.
[3]
There are a number of stories purportedly describing the incident that sparked the violence in 2001. One version claims that it was caused by an
arson attack on a Dayak house. Rumours spread that the fire was caused by Madurese, and later a group of Dayaks began burning houses in a Madurese neighborhood.
[5]
Professor Usop of the Dayak People's Association claims that the massacres by the Dayaks were in self-defense, after Dayaks were attacked.
[8] It was claimed that a Dayak was tortured and killed by a gang of Madurese following a gambling dispute in the nearby village of Kerengpangi on December 17, 2000.
[9]
Another version claims that the conflict started in a brawl between students of different races at the same school.
[10]
Maluku sectarian conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Maluku Islands sectarian conflict was a period of ethno-political conflict along religious lines, which spanned the
Indonesianislands that compose the Maluku archipelago, with particularly serious disturbances in
Ambon and
Halmahera Islands. The duration of the conflict is generally dated from the start of the
Reformasi era in early 1999 to the signing of the
Malino II Accord on 13 February 2002.
The principal causes of the conflict are attributed to general political and economic instability in
Indonesia following the fall of
Suhartoand the devaluation of the
rupiah during and after a wider
economic crisis in South East Asia.
[1] The forthcoming division of
the then Maluku province into the current
Maluku province and
North Maluku province exacerbated existing district political disputes further
[2][3] and, as the political dispute had been characterized along religious lines, inter-communal fighting broke out between
Christian and
Muslim communities in January 1999, cascading into what could be described as all out warfare and atrocities against the
civilian population committed by both sides.
[4] The main belligerents were therefore religious militia from both faiths,
[5]
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The story at Wikipedia rather unbalance since there was no RMS spoken there, even though based on our justice system RMS is the one should be blamed. And the leader under USA protection (Bush Administration). No surprise.