Trump Spoke With Taiwan President in Break With Decades of U.S. Policy
Leaders ‘noted close’ economic, political and security ties, Trump transition team said
http://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-spoke-with-taiwan-president-tsai-ing-wen-1480718423
ENLARGE
Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen delivering a speech in Taipei in October. PHOTO: CHIANG YING-YING/ASSOCIATED PRESS
By
DAMIAN PALETTA,
CAROL E. LEE and
ANDREW BROWNE
Updated Dec. 2, 2016 11:41 p.m. ET
908 COMMENTS
WASHINGTON—President-elect Donald Trump spoke with the president of Taiwan on Friday, a conversation that breaks with decades of U.S. policy and could well infuriate the Chinese government.
The conversation between Mr. Trump and President Tsai Ing-wen runs counter to the longstanding effort by Beijing to block any formal U.S. diplomatic relations with the island off China’s coast. Chinese leaders consider Taiwan a Chinese territory, not a sovereign nation.
The Trump transition team didn’t give many details of the discussion but said Mr. Trump spoke with the Taiwanese leader, “who offered her congratulations.”
MORE TRUMP NEWS
It is believed to be the first time a president or president-elect has spoken with the leader of Taiwan since diplomatic ties between Washington and Taipei were cut off in 1979.
Mr. Trump offered an explanation of the call in a Twitter post: “The President of Taiwan CALLED ME today to wish me congratulations on winning the Presidency. Thank you!”
A short time later, he tweeted again: “Interesting how the U.S. sells Taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment but I should not accept a congratulatory call.”
Mr. Trump also has spoken with Chinese President Xi Jinping since he was elected.
The White House reacted quickly, moving to calm a potential diplomatic dilemma. Ned Price, a spokesman for the National Security Council, said “there is no change to our longstanding policy on cross-Strait issues” and that the U.S. remains “firmly committed to our ‘one China’ policy based on the three Joint Communiques and the Taiwan Relations Act.”
“As President Obama has said, we are committed to ensuring the smoothest possible transition for the incoming administration,” Mr. Price said in a statement. “Every president, regardless of party, has benefited from the expertise and counsel of State Department on matters like these.”
The White House didn’t learn of Mr. Trump’s phone call until after it had taken place, a senior administration official said.
China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi referred to the call as “a petty trick on the part of the Taiwan side,” according to a notice published on multiple Chinese news portals and attributed to the ministry. The conversation between Mr. Trump and Ms. Tsai “can’t in any way change the ‘One China’ structure that has already taken form in international society,” he said.
Mr. Wang added that he didn’t believe the call would change U.S. support for the “One China” principle, which he called the “bedrock” of healthy relations between the U.S. and China. “We don’t wish to see any interference in or attacks on this political foundation,” he said.
Posts citing foreign media reports about the call were being removed from Chinese social media sites Saturday morning. Reaction could be so severe as to include sanctions against U.S. companies, said Victor Shih, associate professor in the school of global policy and strategy at the University of California at San Diego.
“China and the U.S. have both worked very, very hard to create a status quo where Taiwan has de facto autonomy without any international legal standing,” he said. “And with one phone call—I think—Trump did in fact undermine the status quo quite a bit.”
Mr. Trump’s political allies commended him for the call. Sen. Tom Cotton (R., Ark.) said it “reaffirms our commitment to the only democracy on Chinese soil.”
Ms. Tsai’s office confirmed the call in a statement, saying she and Mr. Trump discussed improving Taiwan’s economy and strengthening its defenses. During a roughly 10-minute conversation, Ms. Tsai expressed hope the U.S. and Taiwan would “establish a closer cooperative relationship,” it said.
Taiwan’s official Central News Agency referred to the call as “a historic conversation” in a story published on its website Saturday morning.
“Not only did the Trump transition team actively publicize this information, it even used the title ‘Taiwanese President’ to refer to President Tsai,” it said.
The Trump transition team described the call in a brief statement: “During the discussion, they noted the close economic, political and security ties [that exist] between Taiwan, and the U.S. President-elect Trump also congratulated President Tsai on becoming president of Taiwan earlier this year.”
Ms. Tsai recently told The Wall Street Journal that Taiwan is a “a sovereign, independent country,” that like the people of Hong Kong, aspires to “democracy, freedom and human rights.”
China claims Taiwan as its territory, though the island hasn’t been governed by the mainland since a civil war more than 60 years ago. The U.S. gave up formal relations with Taiwan in favor of Beijing.
President Barack Obama has walked a fine line on the issue. China has lobbied his administration against agreeing to arms sales to Taiwan, but Mr. Obama has done so anyway. The most recent was in 2015 when the administration approved a $1.83 billion deal.
China pushed back against the decision, as it did on an earlier U.S. arms deal with Taiwan in 2011.
Beijing has been ramping up its efforts to isolate Taiwan amid a refusal by President Tsai to accept the so-called 1992 Consensus, under which both sides of the Taiwan Strait agreed to the concept of “One China” without defining what that means.
Beijing has been in a quandary over how to view Mr. Trump’s election. Some analysts in both countries believe a Trump presidency will be preoccupied with fixing America’s economic problems, presenting China with an opportunity to advance its strategic interests in East Asia. Others see him as a pragmatic deal-maker and discount his fiery rhetoric on trade.
By reaching out to Ms. Tsai, he will push China to decide whether to respond immediately or take more time to ascertain his intentions.
On Taiwan, unlike trade, China isn’t prepared to bargain. No Chinese leader could be seen backing down on the one issue that could realistically draw the U.S. and China into war; there is no political room to maneuver.
Several of Mr. Trump’s close Asia advisers believe successive administrations have sacrificed ties with democratic Taiwan as a way of pandering to Beijing.
One of those advisers, Peter Navarro, an economics professor at UC Irvine, advocates that officials in Washington stop referring to the “One China” principle, and use Taiwan to balance militarily against China’s rise.
Writing recently in the National Interest magazine, Mr. Navarro proposed that the U.S. should facilitate development of a Taiwan diesel submarine force, expand high-level visits to Taiwan, including by U.S. Cabinet members, and help Taiwan break out of its Beijing-imposed isolation by assisting it in efforts to join international organizations.
Mr. Trump’s relationship with China already was complicated by his insistence that he would take a tougher line on Chinese trade practices. He threatened during the campaign to slap tariffs on goods imported from China and to formally declare China a manipulator of its currency, a step that would carry economic penalties.
At the same time, though, Mr. Trump faces international problems on which he will need China’s help, including restraining Iran’s nuclear ambitions but—more than anything else—restraining North Korea’s nuclear program.
Mr. Trump has rattled longtime foundations of U.S. policy with his approach so far on the international stage.
He praised the leader of Pakistan in a conversation earlier this week and vowed to play any role he can in addressing the country’s problems, according to a readout of their discussion from the Pakistani government, which rankled neighboring India. He also praised the leader of Kazakhstan, seen as one of the region’s strongmen, in a separate conversation.
Mr. Trump also reportedly invited President Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines to visit the U.S. Mr. Obama canceled a meeting with Mr. Duterte earlier this year after he made a series of offensive comments about the president.
Mr. Trump did promise during his presidential campaign to upend decades of U.S. foreign policy, pushing to reverse longstanding tensions between the U.S. and Russia and also speaking with the leader of North Korea if necessary. This dismissal of existing foreign policy principles heartened some supporters, who believed the U.S. was bullied by other countries.
Gary Schmitt, a national security expert at the American Enterprise Institute, said the phone call could reflect how Mr. Trump is willing to reject past practice and forge a new relationship with Taiwan, challenging China to follow through on its repeated warnings.
“With Trump, he has a tendency not to think that whatever the past legacies are is what he should be guided by,” Mr. Schmitt said. “It could turn out to be a positive thing for raising Taiwan relations in a more productive way. But it’s hard to know how much thought went into that call.”
But Mr. Trump’s moves also have sparked concern that he believes he can engage with adversaries who have threatened allies in Europe and Asia, or with others even when the consequences may not be predictable.
Nicholas Burns, a longtime State Department official who worked for both the Bush and Obama administrations, criticized the call in a Twitter message. “Taking a call from Taiwan’s leader a significant mistake by Trump,” Mr. Burns said. “Is he listening to the State Department?”
—Alexandra Berzon and Josh Chin contributed to this article.
Donald J. Trump's call with Taiwan's leader: Political mistake or calculated move?