China Science & Technology Forum

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The demand for Energy, is going to be a problem and a strategic vulnerability for China - So, I hope for the sake of China and really for the world, that China will invest in creating a FUEL or ENERGY SOURCE, that will allow abundant and cheap energy for the world,

Failure to do this leaves China and much of the world open to blackmail and predatory behavior of those who will use energy as a weapon

Yes it is a huge problem

So this is one area (also mentioned above) we are working on - "artificial sun" project. Read on the text further down and the leaks cover more than energy research.

China to build world's first "artificial sun" experimental device

From an article disclosing materials from Wikileak:

Wikileaked Cables from Beijing Reveal China's Pursuit of Fusion Power, Teleportation
By Clay DillowPosted 12.06.2010

It’s no secret that China is beating up on America and the West in everything from infrastructure to technology investment, but news of exactly what the People’s Republic is up to is often scarce. So while the diplomatic establishment continues to reel from the stink of its own dirty laundry in last week’s Wikileaks document dump, cables coming from the American Embassy in Beijing are also shedding light on the strides Chinese scientists are making in far-out fields like nuclear fission, biometrics, and even quantum teleportation.

One confidential diplomatic cable sent from the Beijing Embassy to Washington in February suggests China is doing big things at the small scale. For one, China is aggressively expanding its nuclear energy resources, with plans to open at least 70 nuclear plants in the next decade. More interestingly, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is pouring research funding into its Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) to conduct ongoing research into nuclear fusion.

Apparently China has been hard at work on its Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) reactor, which is designed to sustain a controlled fusion reaction that can go on indefinitely at high temperatures. In 2009, researchers apparently sustained a 18-million-degree reaction for 400 seconds, and a 180-million-degree reaction for 60 seconds. Their goal for 2010 was to sustain a 180-million-degree reaction for more than 400 seconds, though it’s unclear if they achieved that. Moreover, IPP is apparently conducting research on hybrid fission-fusion reactors, though details are slim.


Perhaps most interesting: China doubled the IPP budget in 2009 over 2008, and the diplomatic chatter suggests 2010’s budget saw a significant boost as well. Amid choppy economic waters, such funding bumps indicate a real commitment on China’s part to figure out the fusion energy puzzle.

China’s sci-tech ambitions don’t stop there. While the evidence is anecdotal, the embassy seems to think the Chinese are pulling ahead in fields like quantum communications and even teleportation. To quote one diplomat’s description of a trip to the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei: “A cursory walk through their labs seemed to indicate they had already succeeded in single-particle quantum teleportation and are now trying to conduct dual-particle quantum teleportation.”

Then there’s the Big Brother tech that we’ve come to expect from China. The same cable says the CAS’s Institute of Intelligent Machines (IIM) in Hefei has created a biometric system that identifies individuals through their pace and gait. “The device measure weight and two-dimensional sheer forces applied by a person’s foot during walking to create a uniquely identifiable biometrics profile,” the cable says, and can be installed covertly in a floor to surreptitiously collect biometric data.

The University of Science and Technology of China

 

[Yzd Khalifa]

Best of luck our awesome friend PRC.

 

[Rafi]

It is no surprise, our Chinese comrades have made many, many of the great scientific breakthroughs throughout history, gunpowder , paper the sky is the limit.

 

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Chinese innovations to benefit the world: Gates

Updated: 2013-04-07 15:44 ( Xinhua)

Chinadaily

BOAO, Hainan - As economists frown upon a lack of innovation plaguing China's economy, Bill Gates has highlighted the innovations China is adept at that can benefit the world: in epidemic control and grain production.

In a speech delivered on Saturday evening at the Boao Forum for Asia held in South China's Hainan province, Gates said the country's scientific breakthroughs can help Africa and less developed countries battle epidemics, hunger and poverty.

Microsoft founder Bill Gates attends a session at the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) annual conference in Boao town, Hainan province April 6, 2013. [Photo/Agenceis]

"The breakthrough science and technology that's happening here in China can help the poorest people in the world lead healthier, more productive lives," said Gates, who is the co-chair and trustee of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Gates said China has successfully lifted 600 million people out of poverty over the past three decades, a victory that could not have been achieved without innovation in human health and agricultural productivity.

Gates said his foundation, which has been active in the country in battling HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis and reducing tobacco use, is working with the Chinese government and institutes on epidemic control and agricultural research.

"We see this potential, for example, in vaccines, where China is quickly becoming a leader," he said.

The foundation is collaberating with a Chinese institute and developer of a low-cost vaccine for Japanese encephalitis to ensure supplies of polio vaccines and the development of less expensive doses, he said.

In addition to becoming a major supplier of vaccines, Gates said China can "play a broader leadership role by sharing its own experience" to eradicate epidemics like polio in other countries.

China has eliminated the paralysing disease and reported no indigenous cases since 1994, thanks to a domestically-developed vaccine and a nationwide vaccination campaign, which began in 1965.

Apart from medication, Gates believes the country's innovation in increasing crop yields can also help reduce hunger in Africa, where agricultural productivity remains "dismally low."

China has increased its grain productivity by 2.6 percent per year in the past two decades, and its breakthroughs in developing high-yield rice varieties will benefit other poor countries, Gates suggested.

The foundation is working with the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences and a bio-technology institute to develop Green Super Rice, which has proved capable of raising production of small farmers by 20 percent in pilot projects, he said.

Gates also called on Chinese entrepreneurs to use "the same skills and rigor you brought to investing in the market to investing in solutions for the poor."

Also at the forum, Vice-Minister of Science and Technology Zhang Laiwu said the ministry will deepen cooperation with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in agricultural research and developing vaccines for major infectious diseases.

The ministry signed a strategic cooperation memorandum with the foundation in 2011 to promote agricultural development, relieve poverty and promote health causes worldwide via technology.

"At present, we have cooperated in seven fields and launched two pilot projects, including major crop breeding, rural informatization, TB-drugs and polio vaccines, and Green Super Rice," Zhang said.

 

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Tractor Beam Breakthrough – U.F.O Technology No Longer Hypothetical?


By Chris Cook
01 March, 2011 Featured News
Tractor Beam Breakthrough – U.F.O Technology No Longer Hypothetical? | Product Reviews Net


You may be familiar with Tractor beams as they are extremely popular amongst Science-Fiction movies, however they may not be fiction forever as it seems Chinese researchers have discovered how they work exactly.

The researchers from Fudan University in Shanghai figured out on a nanoscopic level that turning a laser beam inside out generates a backward pull force for the forward travelling protons. As this discovery has only been made at such a small scale level, the prospect of being able to dock spaceships into space bases is still very much future technology it seems.

The way in which all of this works is basically using momentum. Near the beginning of the 20th century Peter Lebedev and Arthur Compton found that photons have a small amount of momentum that engages anything it hits. We already know that photons can push things like solar sails and electrons.

In order to reverse this process, the beam’s forward momentum cannot be too great so must be small enough and the photons must scatter at just the right angle by exciting ‘multipoles within the particle’ it’s hoping to move.

As Technology Review report, all this is very good in theory but Jun Chen and his fellow scientist must now demonstrate that it works. What do you think of this breakthrough? Will we ever see larger objects being pulled in a Tractor beam? Let us know what you think.

 

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China plans research centres to aid developing world
Li Jiao
18 April 2013 | EN

China plans research centres to aid developing world - SciDev.Net

The Chinese Academy of Sciences is developing research institutions to promote science - Flickr/Gates Foundation

SPEED READ

The Chinese Academy of Sciences is planning joint research centres in China with TWAS

It also plans to open its own offices throughout the developing world

Bill Gates has said that China's science could help the poorest people lead better lives

[BEIJING] The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is planning a major new drive to extend science cooperation with developing countries, including setting up research centres outside China, as well as new offices of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) within China.

Senior officers at CAS have told SciDev.Net that the details of the initiatives are still under discussion, though some centres have already been launched, such as the 'China-Chile Joint Research Center for Astronomy' in February.

The move follows last year's election of the first Chinese president of TWAS, Bai Chunli, who is also the president of the China's science academy.

"International cooperation is very important for CAS, and as a new president of TWAS, we have more opportunity to cooperate with other developing countries," Bai Chunli tells SciDev.Net.

The planned new TWAS centres within China, which are still under discussion, will aim to promote the cooperation and exchange of science, and the training of scientists.

CAS is also planning to launch a programme to train hundreds of new PhD students, as well as senior scholars from developing countries at the Chinese research institutions. Last month, as part of the programme, the academy called for applications for a new CAS-TWAS President's Fellowship Programme, which will offer 140 scholars a year from developing countries a chance to do PhDs in China.

CAS's first overseas research centre is planned to be in Kenya and will be jointly established with the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, but the details and budget for the initiative are still in discussion.

Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan, treasurer of TWAS and co-chair of the IAP (the global network of science academies), tells SciDev.Net that the CAS research centre in Africa is a "fascinating initiative" that will bring substantial benefits to both scientific and development communities in Africa.

He says that the centre should prioritise training a new generation of talented African researchers in Chinese laboratories by linking postgraduate education to key interdisciplinary research areas.

It should also establish a network of collaborating institutions in Africa with expertise in these research areas to promote scientific exchanges and the centre's visibility in Africa, says Hassan.

"The centre should encourage and support research projects that aim at generating and applying frontier scientific knowledge to solve specific, real-life problems facing Africa," he says.

S. Samar Hasnain, professor of molecular biophysics at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, and a member of TWAS, says: "The opening of the first CAS office in Africa, often a neglected continent, with the aim of increasing science and higher education cooperation, is visionary".

Hans van Ginkel, professor of geography at Utrecht University, the Netherlands and a TWAS member, says this "is a great step forward" towards strengthening scientific capacities in developing countries.

"Both the [CAS] centres in developing countries and the TWAS centres in China for academics from developing countries could serve this purpose well," he says.

But van Ginkel warns that it will be important for the initiatives to strengthen substantially the scientific capacity in the developing countries.

China is increasingly becoming recognised for its innovations and their applications in developing countries.

For example, in a speech this month at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2013, China, Bill Gates, co-chair and trustee of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, said the country's scientific breakthroughs can help Africa and less developed countries battle epidemics, hunger and poverty, Xinhua news agency reported (7 April).

"The breakthrough science and technology that's happening here in China can help the poorest people in the world lead healthier, more productive lives," Gates said.

 

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Genetically modified rice created to produce human blood

telegraph-science-newsl
By Richard Gray, Science Correspondent
9:15AM GMT 06 Nov 2011

Grains of rice have been genetically modified by scientists so they produce a key component of human blood in an attempt to provide an alternative to donations.

The protein, extracted from rice plants containing human genes, could be used in hospitals to treat burns victims and help patients who have suffered severe blood loss.

The scientists behind the research claim it will provide a plentiful and safe alternative to products from human blood donations, which are in short supply due to falling numbers of donors, and get around the need to screen for diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.

Currently in the UK around 1.6 million pints of blood are needed every year but just four per cent of the eligible population donate.

Donated blood is separated into three components - red blood cells, platlets, which are used to aid blood clotting, and plasma, which is mainly made up of a protein called Human Serum Albumin and is given to patients suffering heavy blood loss.

By growing the genetically modified rice in fields, the researchers claim Human Serum Albumin could be mass produced for use in hospitals, reducing the need to purify it from blood donations.

Human Serum Albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood and performs important functions including carrying hormones and minerals around the body, mopping up harmful toxins from the blood stream and helping to regulate blood pressure.

Dr Daichang Yang, the scientist who led the research at Wuhan University in central China, said: "Human Serum Albumin is an important protein. The demand for it is estimated at more than 500 tons per year worldwide.

"Currently commercial production of HSA is primarily based on collected human plasma, which is limited in supply, but of high clinical demand.
"There is also an increasing public health concern with plasma derived HSA with its potential risk for transmission of blood-derived infectious pathogens such as hepatitis and HIV.

"The use of a rice seed bioreactor could provide an economical and safe approach for the production of non-animal derived compounds."

Dr Yang and his colleagues have developed a technique for inserting human genes into Asian rice using bacteria, turning the plants into biological "factories" that can produce proteins that are identical to those found in humans.

Their latest research, published in the scientific journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed that they had successfully inserted DNA for Human Serum Albumin and the resulting protein was chemically and physically identical to that found in blood.

Over successive generations they were able to increase the amount of Human Serum Albumin produced in the rice grains until it accounted for 10 per cent of the soluble protein produced in the rice seeds.

It comes just months after Chinese scientists announced they had genetically modified a herd of around 300 diary cows to produce milk with the same qualities as human breast milk, which sparked widespread concerns among animal welfare campaigners.

The latest work to introduce human genes into rice is likely to inflame opposition to GM technology further amid fears over the safety of genetically modified crops and alarm at combining human genes with those from other species.

Dr Yang said, however, that the protein produced by the genetically modified rice was identical to Human Serum Albumin found naturally in blood. Tests on rats also showed it did not produce any adverse reactions.

They also treated rats suffering from cirrhosis with the protein and showed it was effective at relieving the symptoms, much like the naturally occurring protein found in human blood.

Dr Yang is also hoping to use genetically modified rice plants to produce other proteins found in human blood, including haemoglobin, which gives blood its distinctive red colour and is carries oxygen around the body, and key proteins from the immune system such as immunoglobulin.

A patent application filed by Dr Yang and his colleagues revealed they hope to adapt the technique to produce a wide range of human proteins that can be used in medical treatments.

The team are also working on a strain of genetically modified rice that produces proteins that are similar to insulin for use in treating diabetes.

Gavin Murphy, a consultant in cardiac surgery at Bristol Royal Infirmary and a senior lecturer at the University of Bristol who studies the impact of blood transfusions on patients, described said the research had the potential to revolutionise the supply of blood products for use in hospital.

He said: "This is ground breaking stuff, but so far they have only validated it in rats. The real test will be to show it is safe in humans, can be purified and sterilised effectively.

"With this approach they will be able to grow these plants in fields and produce blood proteins on a huge scale that would really solve all of the supply issues we currently face."

 

[J-30]

I think R&D investment is a very good investment, we are taking some very good decisions

 

[cirr]

We have always had the human resources，and now that we are beginning to have the financial resources after a detour in our long history of scientific and technological innovation，we will again work hard and smart to invent，invent and invent。

 

[cirr]

Published in the latest issue of Nature Photonics，the following is another fine example of recent Chinese achievements in quantum technology：

http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v7/n5/full/nphoton.2013.89.html

It is also reported in Chinese from a slightly different perspective on 02.05.2013：

????? ??³?-

 

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We are making good progress in this realm:

10 Ways Quantum Physics Will Change the World

 

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We have on-going projects such as "Teleportation", "Neutrino" etc which are "Nobel Prize" class.

This is another one of them which was reported sometime ago by @cirr on PDF:

http://www.defence.pk/forums/chinese-defence/240314-experimental-observation-quantum-anomalous-hall-effect-magnetic.html_Topological Insulator

We are making good progress in this realm:

10 Ways Quantum Physics Will Change the World

The 10 ways are:

10 Turbulence control
9 Spintronics
8 Parallel universes
7 Quantum dots
6 Prayer
5 Englement
4 Quantum computing
3 Quantum crytography
2 Teleportation
1 The God Particle

 

[Echo_419]

Genetically modified rice created to produce human blood

telegraph-science-newsl
By Richard Gray, Science Correspondent
9:15AM GMT 06 Nov 2011

Grains of rice have been genetically modified by scientists so they produce a key component of human blood in an attempt to provide an alternative to donations.

The protein, extracted from rice plants containing human genes, could be used in hospitals to treat burns victims and help patients who have suffered severe blood loss.

The scientists behind the research claim it will provide a plentiful and safe alternative to products from human blood donations, which are in short supply due to falling numbers of donors, and get around the need to screen for diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.

Currently in the UK around 1.6 million pints of blood are needed every year but just four per cent of the eligible population donate.

Donated blood is separated into three components - red blood cells, platlets, which are used to aid blood clotting, and plasma, which is mainly made up of a protein called Human Serum Albumin and is given to patients suffering heavy blood loss.

By growing the genetically modified rice in fields, the researchers claim Human Serum Albumin could be mass produced for use in hospitals, reducing the need to purify it from blood donations.

Human Serum Albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood and performs important functions including carrying hormones and minerals around the body, mopping up harmful toxins from the blood stream and helping to regulate blood pressure.

Dr Daichang Yang, the scientist who led the research at Wuhan University in central China, said: "Human Serum Albumin is an important protein. The demand for it is estimated at more than 500 tons per year worldwide.

"Currently commercial production of HSA is primarily based on collected human plasma, which is limited in supply, but of high clinical demand.
"There is also an increasing public health concern with plasma derived HSA with its potential risk for transmission of blood-derived infectious pathogens such as hepatitis and HIV.

"The use of a rice seed bioreactor could provide an economical and safe approach for the production of non-animal derived compounds."

Dr Yang and his colleagues have developed a technique for inserting human genes into Asian rice using bacteria, turning the plants into biological "factories" that can produce proteins that are identical to those found in humans.

Their latest research, published in the scientific journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed that they had successfully inserted DNA for Human Serum Albumin and the resulting protein was chemically and physically identical to that found in blood.

Over successive generations they were able to increase the amount of Human Serum Albumin produced in the rice grains until it accounted for 10 per cent of the soluble protein produced in the rice seeds.

It comes just months after Chinese scientists announced they had genetically modified a herd of around 300 diary cows to produce milk with the same qualities as human breast milk, which sparked widespread concerns among animal welfare campaigners.

The latest work to introduce human genes into rice is likely to inflame opposition to GM technology further amid fears over the safety of genetically modified crops and alarm at combining human genes with those from other species.

Dr Yang said, however, that the protein produced by the genetically modified rice was identical to Human Serum Albumin found naturally in blood. Tests on rats also showed it did not produce any adverse reactions.

They also treated rats suffering from cirrhosis with the protein and showed it was effective at relieving the symptoms, much like the naturally occurring protein found in human blood.

Dr Yang is also hoping to use genetically modified rice plants to produce other proteins found in human blood, including haemoglobin, which gives blood its distinctive red colour and is carries oxygen around the body, and key proteins from the immune system such as immunoglobulin.

A patent application filed by Dr Yang and his colleagues revealed they hope to adapt the technique to produce a wide range of human proteins that can be used in medical treatments.

The team are also working on a strain of genetically modified rice that produces proteins that are similar to insulin for use in treating diabetes.

Gavin Murphy, a consultant in cardiac surgery at Bristol Royal Infirmary and a senior lecturer at the University of Bristol who studies the impact of blood transfusions on patients, described said the research had the potential to revolutionise the supply of blood products for use in hospital.

He said: "This is ground breaking stuff, but so far they have only validated it in rats. The real test will be to show it is safe in humans, can be purified and sterilised effectively.

"With this approach they will be able to grow these plants in fields and produce blood proteins on a huge scale that would really solve all of the supply issues we currently face."

This is really good thing one of my relative died bcauz we were not able to get his type of blood in time

 

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Chinese scientists find evidence for speed of gravity
English.news.cn 2012-12-27 20:38:15

China Focus: Chinese scientists find evidence for speed of gravity - Xinhua | English.news.cn

Illustration Credit

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists revealed Wednesday that they have found evidence supporting the hypothesis that gravity travels at the speed of light based on data gleaned from observing Earth tides.

Scientists have been trying to measure the speed of gravity for years through experiments and observations, but few have found valid methods.

By conducting six observations of total and annular solar eclipses, as well as Earth tides, a team headed by Tang Keyun, a researcher with the Institute of Geology and Geophysics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), found that the Newtonian Earth tide formula includes a factor related to the propagation of gravity.

"Earth tide" refers to a small change in the Earth's surface caused by the gravity of the moon and sun.

Based on the data, the team, with the participation of the China Earthquake Administration and the University of the CAS, found that gravitational force released from the sun and gravitational force recorded at ground stations on Earth did not travel at the same speed, with the time difference exactly the same as the time it takes for light to travel from the sun to observation stations on Earth.

The scientists admitted that the observation stations are located near oceans, indicating that the influence of ocean tides might have been strong enough to interfere with the results.

Consequently, the team conducted separate observations of Earth tides from two stations in Tibet and Xinjiang, two inland regions that are far away from all four oceans, as well as took measures to filter out other potential disturbances.

By applying the new data to the propagation equation of gravity, the team found that the speed of gravity is about 0.93 to 1.05 times the speed of light with a relative error of about 5 percent, providing the first set of strong evidence showing that gravity travels at the speed of light.

Their findings have been published online in English by German science and technology publishing group Springer.

Printed articles in both Chinese and English will be carried in a January 2013 edition of the Chinese Science Bulletin, according to the CAS Institute of Geology and Geophysics.

This is really good thing one of my relative died bcauz we were not able to get his type of blood in time

Rest in peace!

 

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Cancer cells could be weighed in future
Updated: 2013-04-19
15:57 ( Xinhua)

Chinadaily

BEIJING - Chinese scientists have come up with a new method of weighing microscopic particles such as single atoms or protons, as well as cancer DNA, which could lead to early diagnoses of the disease.

A research team led by Zhu Kadi, a professor with the Shanghai Jiaotong University, proposed the optical mass sensing technique to measure the masses of tiny objects, a method which could be several times more sensitive than previous techniques.

An article about the research was published earlier this month in Physics Reports, an authoritative international journal.

"The technique is still theoretical. We are looking for partners to carry out experiments," said Zhu.

Traditional measurement method can only weigh a bunch of atoms, and then estimate the mass of a single atom.

"We propose a system consisting of a nanoscale vibrating bar containing an embedded quantum *** and a metal nanoparticle sphere. When a tiny object, such as an atom or a strand of DNA, is placed onto the bar, the extra mass of the tiny object will change the bar's vibration frequency, which could be measured with lasers," Zhu said.

"There is no new physical theory being applied. But nobody has thought about the measurement in this way," according to the professor.

In recent years, many researchers have been exploring nanotechnologies to create more sensitive measuring instruments, but they have all relied on electrical circuitry to communicate with the sample.

"Those techniques cannot be used to measure uncharged particles. For example, the DNA molecules will be destroyed if they are charged," Zhu said.

Besides, he explained, electric wires can soak up energy by heating up, and they don't work well at the highest frequencies, where measurements often have the best sensitivity to small changes.

"Using lasers, rather than wires, is the key of the new technique," said Zhu.

There are many possible applications of the technology, while its use in the early detection of cancer cells could be the most exciting to ordinary people.

"The mass of cancer DNA molecules should be different from that of normal ones. So the technology could be used to find these cells," Zhu predicted.