USS John McCain destroyer: Who's at fault when ships collide?
By Michael Troy
Posted yesterday at 3:04pmMon 21 Aug 2017, 3:04pm
Photo: The USS John McCain was on its way to Singapore for a routine port visit. (Reuters: US Navy, file)
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Map: Singapore10 sailors missing in waters east of Singapore and the Straits of Malacca, begs the question: whose job is it to stop ships crashing into each other?
The rules for ships at sea are known as the
COLREGS or the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
They apply to all vessels upon the high sea, whether they be sailing yachts, large ships, tankers or Naval ships.
They also apply to inshore waters, such as Sydney Harbour, but local authorities can add their own regulations as well.
The
responsibility for complying with the COLREGS falls entirely to the
captains of each vessel. There is no overall director of sea traffic — nothing like air traffic control for planes, or traffic cops for the road.
The most important rule is known as
Rule 5, which says to avoid collisions:
"Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions".
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Map: The ships collided to the east of Singapore and the Straits of Malacca.
That means the captain and crew on the larger ships should also use any available technology such as radar and long-range scanning.
Once a vessel on a collision course is identified, the basic rules are that the
overtaking vessels must keep clear of those in fron
t.
To get technical, that means an overtaking vessel is deemed to be coming from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft its beam.
If two ships are in a
head-on situation, they each shall alter course to starboard (the right). If they are crossing, the vessel which has the other on its starboard side shall give way.
It is not always clear who has to give way but
Rule 8 states the need to "take early and clearly perceivable action". This means a large alteration to course.
When it comes to the crunch, there is a rule that could be described as Catch 22 but is actually Rule 17. It states that if the vessel which should give way does not, the stand-on vessel — or the one that has right of way — is obliged to take immediate action to avoid a collision.
In other words — it does not matter who has right of way, both vessels must be prepared to take action to avoid a collision.
On the open sea, collisions are rare but when they do happen between large vessels they can be catastrophic.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-...yer:-whos-at-fault-when-ships-collide/8827516