Al-Khalid 2

[Officer of Engineers]

Secondly according to some international sources, Pakistani Al - Khalid and Chinese T - 98 will receive Maximum orders and all these british, Israeli, French, German and American tanks will suffer because of this.

LMAO!!!!!! The Saudis ain't exactly the poster boy of tank warfare; more like rust-r-us liquidation.

 

[Munir]

And the Indians are? Saudi hire pesonnel. They buy the best. Now pak uses its personnel and tanks to get maximum profit. And I doubt that El Khaled is as bad as Arjunski. And I doubt that superduper expensive western weapons do very well in dessert...

About India getting T90... Show me the exact order and what high tech patrs are ordered... I see always Indians asking for evidence. Now I do the same.

 

[Officer of Engineers]

Wrong person to ask and wrong question to pose.

I was Canadian Forces and I observed 1st hand the so called Saudi military. M109s that they've bought were rusting in the desert. The Saudis can buy the Starship Enterprise and within a year, it will be a rusting hulk.

I would not count on the Saudis to be a reference for any piece of kit. It would only make you a laughing stock. Just pocket the money and laugh your way to the bank. Don't count on anything more than that.

 

[Bull]

About India getting T90... Show me the exact order and what high tech patrs are ordered... I see always Indians asking for evidence. Now I do the same.

India buys 310 T-90 from Russia

http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010215/world.htm#4

"In view of Pakistan's acquisition of the T-80UD from Ukraine, the Indian Army had decided to acquire 310 T-90S MBTs from Russia. After numerous hiccups and delays, an inter-governmental agreement was signed in October 2000 and a formal agreement on 15 February 2001. A first batch of 10 tanks - referred to as Bishma in the Indian Army - were delivered in the first week of January 2002. Indian Army personnel, including engineers, underwent training in Russia on the operation and maintenance of this tank. The deal is estimated to be at $650 to $750 million for the 310 tanks, which includes complete technology transfer and weapon systems.
As per the agreement, 120 tanks will be delivered in a ready-for-use configuration, 90 in semi-knocked down (SKD) kits and the final 100 in completely-knocked down (CKD) kits. The SKD and CKD kits will be assembled at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi, Tamil Nadu and the first tank was delivered to the Army on 07 January 2004. Chief of Army Staff, General Nirmal Chander Vij stated that local production of the tank would begin in 2006-07, after the assembly of the CKD kits. General Vij also stated that the T-90S MBT would constitute 30% of the Indian Army's combat tank force. The T-90S [Improved] is the export version of the T-90M and features a welded turret, the V-92S2 engine and an ESSA thermal viewer. It is not to be confused with the simplified T-90S export version which features a cast turret, a R-173 radio, a 1V528 ballistic computer and the V-84MS 618 kW (840 hp) four-stroke V-12 piston engine."

Armament
The 2A46M smoothbore gun is stabilised (Zhasmin 2E42-4 system) in two axes and is fitted with a thermal sleeve. The gun tube can be replaced without a need for dismantling inside the turret. The gun can fire various ammunition including APFSDS-T (Armour Piercing Fin Stabilised Discarding Sabot - Tracer), HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank), HE-FRAG (High Explosive Fragmentation) as well as shrapnel projectiles with time fuzes. In addition it can also fire a special HE-FRAG projectile that can be detonated over the target using the tank's fire-control system. Maximum rate of fire is at 7 rounds per minute. The gun can also fire the 9M119 Refleks-M (NATO: AT-11 Sniper-B) anti-tank guided missile system. The range of the missile is 75 to 5000 metres and takes 14.2 seconds to reach maximum range. The system is intended to engage tanks fitted with ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) as well as low-flying air targets such as helicopters, at a range of up to 5 km. Hit probability is over 80%. The missile system fires either the 9M119 (3UBK14 weapon system) or the 9M119M (3UBK20 weapon system) missiles which have semi-automatic laser beam riding guidance and a hollow charge warhead. Missile weight is 23.4 kg. The gun's automatic loader will feed both ordnance and missiles.
Self-Protection
The hull and turret are protected by both conventional armour-plating and the latest generation Kontakt-5 ERA which provides protection against APFSDS (Armour Piercing Fin Stabilised Discarding Sabot) and HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank) type projectiles. In addition to being fitted to the hull and turret, ERA panels are also fitted either side of the hull front to provide lateral protection to each side of the driver's compartment. The tank also has NBC (nuclear, biological and chemical) protection equipment. The TShU1-7 Shtora-1 countermeasures system is not fitted.
Fire Control & Observation
The T-90S has the 1A45T IFCS (Integrated Fire Control System) which is automatic, but has a manual override for the commander. The IFCS comprises the gunner's day/night fire-control system, gunner's IR sight or thermal imaging sight, and commander's day/night sight-observation system. The fire control system comprises day sight-rangefinder with missile guidance channel, armament stabilizer and ballistic computer. The commander's day/night sight-observation system is used by the commander for gun and machine gun fire control.
Propulsion
The T-90S will be powered by a 1,000 hp V-92S2 four-stroke V-12 diesel engine. This new engine, fitted with a turbo-supercharger, offers impressive specific power and specific fuel consumption characteristics. The tank can carry up to 1600 litres of fuel in the main, armour plated fuel tanks and fuel drums. The tank is provided with a snorkel for deep fording (up to 5 metres of water) with equipment which can be deployed in 20 minutes. The mechanical transmission includes primary reduction gear, two planetary final gearboxes and two planetary final drives. The running gear features torsion bar suspension with hydraulic shock absorbers at 1, 2 and 6 road wheel stations and tracks with rubber-metallic pin hinges.
Miscellaneous Information
A new track has been developed and tested for the T-90S that not only has a longer life but also has replaceable rubber pads that can be quickly removed. Standard equipment includes NBC protection, fire detection & suppression system, nose-mounted dozer blade and a deep fording kit. The tank is fitted with an air conditioning system for operations in high ambient temperatures.

http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/T-90.html
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005\12\22\story_22-12-2005_pg7_46

 

[Bull]

 

[Bull]

T-90 S tanks to roll out from Avadi HVF on January 7
By R.K.Radhakrishnan


[SIZE=-2]Photo: V.V. Krishnan [/SIZE]

A T90 S Tank in New Delhi for the first rehearsal of the Republic Day Parade last year.

CHENNAI JAN. 5. The first indigenously assembled Russian main battle tank (MBT), T-90 S, will roll out of the Avadi Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) on January 7, Defence Ministry officials said.
The semi knocked-down tanks were shipped to Chennai from Russia early last year. Russian experts are helping their Indian counterparts integrate the parts at Avadi. Once the technicians and experts here achieve a degree of familiarity with the integration of semi knocked-down tanks, they will begin working on completely knocked-down tanks. Production of the tanks under licence from Russia will begin thereafter.
The T-90 S is actually an improved version of the T-72 tanks. It features a low silhouette and has combined active and passive defences. It has a low rounded turret centred on the hull and is considered among world's best protected MBTs.
The indigenisation of production could take "about two to three years," the officials said. The production of the tanks in Avadi would offer an opportunity for the local industry in Chennai and elsewhere to collaborate with the HVF on a project of great importance to the country, they noted.
"I will hand over the first tank to the Chief of Army Staff, [N.C.Vij]," the Minister of State for Defence Production, O.Rajagopal, told The Hindu over telephone. Top defence and Ordnance Board officials would take part in the low-key function at the HVF.
Though a few battalions of the Armoured Corps now have the imported T- 90 S, a large part of the Indian armour largely consists of the ageing T-55 and T-72 tanks, which urgently need upgradation, the officials said. Also, as the vintage Vijayantha tanks were completely phased out, the armoured corps needed newer versions to face the challenge posed by Pakistan acquiring the T-80 tanks from Ukraine.
The options before the Army included the MBT, Arjun, developed by the Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment, Avadi, and the Russian-made T- 90. Once the Rs. 3000 crore deal with Russia for the T-90 S was clinched in 1999, the Army received fully built tanks to equip a few battalions. The remaining will take the "Avadi route" to the Indian Army. There has been some delay in inducting the remaining tanks. Earlier, defence production experts had hoped that the first MBTs would be ready by September. Since some more testing had to be carried out, a late-December date was set.


T-90 S tanks to roll out from Avadi HVF on January 7

 

[ali ahmad]

ais there any talks going on transfer of technology from ukrine,france or germany for the components which pakistan currently purchasin??

 

[ali ahmad]

can pakistan get any kind of technology tranfer from USA as a MNNA?
is turkey getting anything for his tanks from USA as a natto ally?

 

[Averroes]

It's a good checklist.

it's probably as real as arjun.

 

[Arrow]

Sure...nitrogen cooled main guns...and "avionics on tanks"...please!

Again, I ask- is there an Al Khalid Mk2? And if so, what are its actual features?

 

[dberwal]

Al-Khalid is the Main Battle Tank of the Pakistan Army, and is produced by Heavy Industries Taxila. Based on the Chinese Type 90, the army plans to induct 600 of these by 2007.

Ukraine provided the 1200-hp model 6TD diesel engine, designed for desert and hot climates allowing it to withstand extremes of temperatures.

The tank has the capability of fighting at night as well as the ability to automatically track targets. It is a smaller tank than many of its contemporaries, with a crew complement of three. It also has state of the art automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression systems. The enemy engagement system of the tank is one of the best in Asia.
The fire control system of the Al-Khalid MBT is produced by the China North Industries Group Corporation with the following characteristics:



* Effective range: 200 m to 5000 m

* Sensor: laser ranging from 200 m to 9990 m

* Auto-tracking, fit to four different types of munitions, thermal image for gunner and light-enhanced night vision for the tank captain, gyro-stablised and UPS power supply system.

General characteristics

Crew3

Length


10.07 m

Width


2.40 m

Height


3.50 m

Weight


46 tonnes

Armour and armament

Armour


[secret]

Main armament


125mm smoothbore gun

Secondary armament


12.7mm roof machine gun, 7.62mm coaxial machine gun

Mobility

Power plant


12-cyl. diesel model 6TD
1,200 hp (895 kW)

Suspension


torsion bar

Road speed


70 km/h

Power/weight


26 hp/tonne

Range


400 km

 

[dberwal]

Al-Khalid is the Main Battle Tank of the Pakistan Army, and is produced by Heavy Industries Taxila. Based on the Chinese Type 90, the army plans to induct 600 of these by 2007.

Ukraine provided the 1200-hp model 6TD diesel engine, designed for desert and hot climates allowing it to withstand extremes of temperatures.

The tank has the capability of fighting at night as well as the ability to automatically track targets. It is a smaller tank than many of its contemporaries, with a crew complement of three. It also has state of the art automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression systems. The enemy engagement system of the tank is one of the best in Asia.
The fire control system of the Al-Khalid MBT is produced by the China North Industries Group Corporation with the following characteristics:



* Effective range: 200 m to 5000 m

* Sensor: laser ranging from 200 m to 9990 m

* Auto-tracking, fit to four different types of munitions, thermal image for gunner and light-enhanced night vision for the tank captain, gyro-stablised and UPS power supply system.

General characteristics

Crew 3

Length 10.07 m

Width 2.40 m

Height 3.50 m

Weight 46 tonnes

Armour and armament

Armour
[secret]

Main armament 125mm smoothbore gun

Secondary armament 12.7mm roof machine gun, 7.62mm coaxial machine gun

Mobility Power plant 12-cyl. diesel model 6TD
1,200 hp (895 kW)

Suspension torsion bar

Road speed 70 km/h

Power/weight 26 hp/tonne

Range 400 km

(source :http://www.pakmilitary.net/army/arsenal/al_khalid.html)


Pakistan's development of the Al Khalid began in 1988, and in January 1990 an agreement was reached with China to jointly design, develop and manufacture system. The design is an upgrade from the originaly failed T902M (also called MBT-2000 ) and work had been going on at China's NORINCO for some years. The Type 90 is an outgrowth of the Type 85 MBT design a varient of Soviet T-72. The initial Type 90 apparently did not meet the PLA's performance expectations during trials in China, and subsequently a major effort was initiated to improve the design, though neither designs have ever been fielded. Another failed attemt was launched called T-90-II. The Chinese ground army has not made any purchase orders and will not use the same tank when it does decide to buy a next-generation armored vehicle. Hence Type 90-II is also known as the MBT 2000 Pakistan is licenced to produce the Type 90-II under a contract signed in May 1990. Initial prototypes were produced in China and fielded for trials in August 1991.

Initial prototypes were produced in China and fielded for trials in August 1991. Pakistan's manufacturing plant at Taxila was completed in 1992. Since then development efforts have focused on improving the design for Pakistan's terrain and high temperatures. The engine of the T90 2M is replaced by the Ukrainian 6TD 1200hp engine, and a newly developed thermal viewer system has been added to improve nocturnal fighting capability. US$20 million were reportedly spent on the indigenous development of the Al-Khalid tanks over a period of eight years.

Heavy Industries Taxila started production of Al-Khalid in November 2000. The Chinese ground army has not made any purchase orders and will not use the same tank when it does decide to buy a next-generation armored vehicle. As of early 2002 Pakistan had about twenty Al-Khalid tanks in service. It had received its first consignment of 15 Al-Khalid MBTs in July 2001.

In February 2002 Ukraine announced that the Malyshev plant would provide another 315 engines for Al-Khalid tanks over three years. The contract's estimated value was $125-150 million. Pakistan's Army reportedly hopes to produce a total of 300 more tanks by 2005. According to a 2001 report, Pakistan planned to add another 300 indigenous Al-Khalid tanks to its armoured corps by 2007.

(source: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/mbt-2000.htm)


Some facts i could find form net:

This failed out dtaed tank was called Al Khalid.

The Al Khalid project ran into numerous problems, especially with its Chinese power pack. The western powerplants were very cosltly for cash strapped Pakistan and technology denials. Pakistan was finally forced to settle for Ukraine 1200-hp diesel engine. As revealed in latest press release from Pakistani sources, the engines overheated and caught fire. But the other problems remain. Since Pakistani and Chinese sources have not revealed what problems did the failed tank T-90-II had. Al Khalid naturally inherited same problems. If the problems were overcome Chinese army might have been interested in this too.

In 2003 Another set back occured. In addition to the tank structural, mechanical and performance problems, the corruption in the procurement section led to a case in Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, London WC2 A 2LL,
February 14 2003. There were fradulent deals. Powerpack and Hull arrival from Ukrain suffered another set back.

The initial AL Khalid was a very basic tank. The crew confidence in the tank was low because of engine fires and other problems

In August 2004 it was reported by Pakistani sources that the tank is now equipped with Crew Bay Explosion Detection and Suppression System to lend confidence to the crew in the battlefield. Engine Compartment Fire Detection and Extinguishing System makes Al-Khalid free of any possible engine fire caused by fuel leaks or overheating of the engine.

The problem is the engines are still catching fires. Pakistan has to still a long way to go to find the solutions for the major problems faced by Al Khalid tank.

According to a 2001 report, Pakistan planned to add another 300 indigenous Al-Khalid tanks to its armoured corps by 2007. Since 1991 prototype till 2004, there are no more than 100 tanks produced.

Citing the religious closeness to some Islamic countries Pakistan has managed show some demonstrations. As per latest report pakistan has used german engines in Al Khalid for demondtration purposes. The inference is that the much hyped Ukranian engine are not upto the mark.

Contrary to the claim the indegenious content in Al khalid is dismally low. Al Khalid gun and acessoriesis imported from china. Hull, Gear box and Powerpack is imported Ukrain. It also has some western equipment.

As per an Pakistani analyst, The Al-Khalid, at 46.5 tons, is probably a decent tank for the Punjabi battlefield. General Musharraf claims that its 125-millimetre gun and fire control system are among the best in the world, but that may be just a claim as there has never been any supporting documentation, thay are just rumors.

source :
Royal Courts of Justice, London http://www.hrothgar.co.uk/YAWS/reps/165b.htm

 

[blain2]

" This failed out dtaed tank was called Al Khalid."

Not sure what your point is? Its part of the Pakistani Armoured Corps and will be facing the Indians reagrdless of the assertions made in this article (poorly written too might I say).

The fact that AK is operational and in service with the Pakistani Army (which btw, would have rejected induction on the same basis as the IA has done many a times with Arjun), I really do not see any thing new here. The tank is a fairly potent platform for use in the Indo-Pak context. That is all that matters to the Pakistani planners.

 

[LeGenD]

Now pak uses its personnel and tanks to get maximum profit. And I doubt that El Khaled is as bad as Arjunski. And I doubt that superduper expensive western weapons do very well in dessert...

Are you serious?

American M1A1/M1A2 ABRAMS MBT's have performed very well in Desert regions in Middle East.

Same is the case with British Challenger II's and Israeli Merkava series.

It is foolish to underestimate Western equipment.

Is there any tank which match up with Al Khalid MBT. :reading1:

Many MBT's can take on Al-Khalid.

Remember that Al-Khalid is a medium class Tank.

Many western tanks pose a major threat to Al-khalid MBT so don't get your hopes too high!

which countries use these tanks??

Well!

M1A1/M1A2 Series -> American MBT
Leopard IIA6 -> German MBT
Leclerc -> French MBT
Challenger II -> British MBT
T-90 -> Russian MBT
Merkava MK4 -> Israeli MBT
Type-98G -> Russian and Chinese design mainly (Chinese variant is different from Russian one)
K-1A1 -> South Korean MBT

Type-98 - I dont think Type-98 is superior to Al-Khalid.

K1 - Japanese tank, suitable for Japanese tactic only.

Merkava - Now this is a good tank. Isreali tank, comparable to the modern tanks.

Challenger 2 -British tank looks good and is in class of modern american tank as well as good as like Al-Khalid, can be better though in electronics etc.

Type-98 MBT has a more refined turret structure then that of Type-90, while Al-Khalid design is actually based on Type-90 chassis. But during a fight between these two Tanks (Type-98 vs Al-Khalid), the outcome will more depend upon the crew.

K-1A1 is a South Korean MBT (inspired by M1A1 ABRAMS MBT)

About Challenger II:

Challenger II is purely superior to Al-Khalid in various sectors.

Challenger II is a heavy class Tank (60+ Tons Weight), while Al-Khalid is a medium class Tank (46 Tons Weight).

Fundamental differences lie in Armour quality, Turret Structure and safety, electronics and in some other technical areas.

Challenger II is currently unmatched by any Asian Tank in terms of firepower and survivability. However! in terms of mobility, all modern Tanks are similar.

 

[blain2]

I think people get too carried away comparing AK or for the matter Arjun to the other western types like the Leopard (if given a chance, PA would go for this tomorrow), M1, Challenger and the likes. Having said that, I think AK is a very decent tank for the terrain in which the Pakistani armoured units would be operating it in.

Although no tank is perfect, AK does afford very good capability to Pakistan at very reasonable costs. Most of the armour on the Indian side (which the AKs will be facing) is in pretty much the same class (in terms of tonnage). A heavier MBT like the Arjun will probably not see much production beyond the slated 124 or so. So overall, AK gives a pretty decent bang for the buck.