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A Bhutaness Point of view on Sino-India Donglang (Doklam) Stand-Off

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Monday, July 3, 2017

Understanding Sino - Bhutan Border issues at Doklam. Search for truth

The recent Doklam event has many versions. The Indian media naturally had the versions of their Government though they shared what the Chinese also said.

More than the Indian media, it was Tenzing Lamzang of The Bhutanese who attempted to expound the Indian Government positions/ views upon the Bhutanese public through his lengthy article titled " Understanding the Doklam border issue ".

The best way to seeve the truth is to visit history of various events relating to Sino- Bhutan Border and compare with this recent inflated and manipulated Doklam incident. So now another lengthy article in response to Indian media and Tenzing Lamsang article.

1. Initially from late 1960s and through 70s, the Government of India made attempts to discuss with China on the issue of China- Bhutan international border demarcation.

2. China rejected all such attempts by India. China maintained that Bhutan which is a sovereign Kingdom should stand for herself and deal directly with China.

3. So India had to permit Bhutan to directly deal with China on the border issue. That was how the Border Talks began between Bhutan and China from the 1980s. Since then 24 rounds of Talks have taken place in most cordial manner. And much progress have been achieved. India was always kept in the loop by Bhutan.

4. It is possible that the public of Bhutan feel that the Talks are taking too long. Similar views also have been aired in the National Assembly of Bhutan . I understand the innocent frustrations. Under the past absolute Monarchy system, people are used to instant decisive decision of a King. Many do not understand the complexities involved in international boundary demarcation. The case is more perplexing since the Government is in no position to bare all the uncomfortable truths including heavy pressures from India to demand more strategic land from China.

5. Also the Indo- Bhutan international boundary in the South was demarcated so quietly. The public did not hear anything about Bhutan negotiating with India regarding her international border in the South with India. It is possible that Bhutan was in no position to negotiate. Bhutan is more vulnerable to a takeover by India than by China. Also Bhutan has no access to outside world except through India. And moreover, Bhutanese economy and commerce are totally dependant on India including travel from West Bhutan to East Bhutan in the South of the Kingdom. Against such geopolitical constrictions, Bhutan probably had to accept at where ever, the Survey of India decided to lay the Indo- Bhutan international boundary pillars. Thus the quiet smoothness and the speed when one side makes decision for two sides.

6. The fact that China is willing to negotiate with Bhutan on the international boundary of the two nations is I believe a giant step forward for Bhutanese sovereignty. I am grateful to China for this sovereign courtesy. I am even more grateful to India for all the economic assistance and freedom of trade and transit that enabled Bhutan to develop thus far. But I do love Bhutan ever more.

7. There is no doubt in my mind that Bhutan would want to finalise the Sino- Bhutan Border Talks and sign the Agreement. Bhutan has to be fully aware of the limitations of demands we can make upon China. And at the same time Bhutan is in no position to ignore the strategic interests of India. There is too much pressure. That is why Doklam the tri-junction Plateau is drawing multi attentions. It will be a blessing in disguise if China or India forcefully just takeover Doklam Plateau. The so called status quo is endangering the status of whole of Bhutan.

8. For Bhutan, Doklam holds no extra strategic significance than any other part of the Kingdom. But for both India and China, this Tri- junction is considered most vital. Unfortunately for India, the international boundary between Sikkim India and Tibet China at the Doklam Tri-Junction was decided long time back. So as vital as whole of Doklam Plateau is for Indian military strategic interest, there is not much that India can do through her State of Sikkim. The Sikkim door which India possessed is closed.

9. India, therefore, is pushing Bhutan to claim as much as possible the part of Doklam Plateau in the Sino- Bhutan Border Talks. India knows that she has the clout to use Bhutanese territory to serve her strategic interest. So what India herself had forfeited in negotiation with China, she now wants Bhutan to re-claim. This places Bhutan in a very difficult position. Every inch of Bhutanese land is sacred. To claim land for our own is justifiable. But to demand disputed land from China for Indian strategic purposes could endanger Bhutan. In demanding more, Bhutan loses the moral ground to even claim what is rightfully hers.

9. Bhutan is placed in a near impossible position. China will never surrender the strategic position that she had already gained at Doklam Plateau during negotiation on international boundary with India ( State of Sikkim ). And India is insisting upon Bhutan to wrest from China larger portion of Doklam Plateau that India could not get whilst negotiating with China on Sikkim-Tibet international boundary.

10. China wants to have better relation with the sovereign Kingdom of Bhutan. And wants to settle the border dispute in the interest of promoting closer ties including diplomatic relationship. And China has shown willingness to accommodate Bhutanese requests/ stand in other parts of the northern border. But not at the Tri-Junction where China shares border with Indian State of Sikkim and Bhutan. It seems that China had made her position clear to India in regards to Doklam status even when negotiating with India on the internal boundary of the State of Sikkim which borders Doklam along with Tibet and Bhutan. There is no way that China will give in to India through Bhutan front. The Government of Bhutan knows this and wants to be realistic and conclude the negotiations without further adieu and sign the Sino- Bhutan Border Agreement. But Bhutan does not dare to sign the Agreement without the nod from India. In the end, China will keep exercising jurisdiction over Doklam Plateau and Bhutan always at merciful generosity of India.

11. India is worried about the security of her so called chicken neck of the Siliguri corridor and thereby, the Eastern Frontier States. Maybe that was the reason of takeover of Sikkim. In the same manner, China is worried about the future security of her narrow Chumbi Valley stretch and thereby the whole of Tibet. China seems to considers Doklam Plateau as vital to her as Sikkim is to India. Even then China was willingly to share a part of Doklam Plateau with Bhutan so as to enable an amicable settlement. I feel we have to face the reality. China may not wait forever for Bhutan to get Indian clearance. Chinese security concerns would out weigh any ties including with Bhutan.

12. Presently the international boundary in eastern Bhutan has not been demarcated even with India . The sticking point is that Arunachal Pradesh is on the other side. And China claims part of Arunachal. So later, like Doklam, there is bound to be similar Tri- Juction situation. And there, too, China would not be compromising her national security for friendship with Bhutan. So considering all aspects, it may be also in India's interest to let Bhutan sign the Sino-Bhutan Border Agreement. The gesture could contribute towards reaching reasonable agreement towards drawing the Sino- India Arunachal border demarcation. Confidence building is a must in negotiation.

13. China will not budge in Sino - Bhutan Border negotiation where Bhutan is deemed to act as a proxy for Indian strategic interests. At times during Sino - Bhutan Border Talks, China may have been suspicious of India directing the negotiations from Bhutan side. And this time with India openly declaring that she had interferred on behalf of Bhutan at Doklam confirms that all along Bhutan has been actually acting as a proxy for Indian Doklam interest. This will harden Chinese resolve.

14. The Bhutanese Army at Doklam would not approach the Indian Army stationed on the Sikkim side in regards to any issue with China. Bhutan is well aware that directly involving India is an act of surrendering sovereignty to another nation. It took many years and much diplomatic and political maneuvering to convince India to let Bhutan negotiate directly with China. Bhutanese leaders must demonstrate more courageous wisdom and resolve if Sino- Bhutan Border Agreement is to be successfully signed.

Response to The Bhutanese.

Tenzing Lamsang the Editor of The Bhutanese, in his lengthy article claimed that Bhutanese Army tried unsuccessfully to stop the road construction by the Chinese Party and then Indian Army got involved in stopping the construction. I really doubt that Indian Army can ever stop China from doing anything on the land that she claims as her own. Tenzing Lamsang may or may not care of the implication of what he related or claimed. But for sure he does not seem to recognise or acknowledge how much Bhutan wants to keep Sino- Bhutan Border Talks a sovereign affair of Bhutan.

Tenzing Lamsang may have been just a student studying in a Tibetan School in New Delhi when major incursion by China happened into Bhutan ( northern boundary of Haa Dzongkhag with China Tibet ). Understandably, Tibetan Schools in India would not have any good things to teach about China. They may even target Bhutan for the troubles Bhutan had with Tibetans in early 1970s. Any way whether Tenzing Lamsang was born or already a studenr, when that Chinese incursion took place, IMTRAT was very much there in Haa. And yet, Bhutan did not seek Indian Army help.

The King of Bhutan did not turn to Indian Army stationed in Haa Wangchuk LoDzong to confront the Chinese force. In fact, I believe the IMTRAT in Haa was in disarray probably packing up to leave Bhutan when the Chinese incursion happened. His Majesty commanded a Captain of Royal Bhutan Army to lead an unarmed small RBA force to march up to the extreme northern border of Haa with Tibet. A symbolic act to maintain the integrity of Bhutanese land. And this Captain accomplished the Command of his Supreme Commander. That was how a crisis was averted. Today that Captain is the Chief of Operations of Royal Bhutan Army. As a novice junior RBA Officer, he and his soldiers faced the Chinese troops and paved their way to the border. Now as a General, he can never direct his soldiers at the outpost at Doklam to seek Indian Army help. Not way. Not at all.

So Tenzing Lamsang, my views are not based on " desktop musing " as inferred by you ( my response in your fb post has been deleted by you but it's OK. I have my blog as you have your Newspaper. So I have answered your article in full here ).

I know for a fact that Bhutanese soldiers at Border out -posts take their responsibility sincerely and courageously and independent of Indian Army. It is an insult to RBA and the nation to even insinuate that Bhutanese officers and soldiers, on their own, cannot deal with Chinese forces at the border. I had, therefore, objected to Tenzing Lamsang's narration to the Bhutanese public the foreign propaganda materials that glorifies Indian Army at the expense of Royal Bhutan Army. RBA may be trained and funded by India but our Defence Force has independant Bhutanese national heart and responsibility. RBA has always fulfilled the task of securing Bhutanese Borders and cleansing the nation of any intruders including from India.

Conclusion:

Royal Bhutan Army outposts at the Sino- Bhutan border are there to carry out their defence tasks. Our officers and soldiers are not posted there to warm the chilly mountain air with their breath. They do not run to Indian Army to seek help to execute their own national defence task. Numerous Sino- Bhutan incidents have taken place in the past. And in all those incidents, the Royal Bhutan Army, the Chief of Operations or the Supreme Commander has never sought help of Indian Army to face Chinese troops at the Sino- Bhutan Border. Now if China invades Bhutan, probably His Majesty may seek Indian help. Likewise if India invades Bhutan, His Majesty may seek Chinese assistance. Maybe both will come without even inviting. Until then, Bhutan will deal with what are deemed to be containable conflicts on its own whether in the South or in the north.

For general readers. I have one point of clarification. It is true that within Bhutan, there are Indian military presences as declared by India. And yes, Bhutanese Army is trained by India and even funded by India. But all this is not for defence of Bhutan. It is for the security of India. In the defence strategy plan of India against China, India counts on Bhutan's ability to secure her international borders with China. So Indian military is in Bhutan for defence of India. And likewise Indian Army's recent action at Doklam Plateau has nothing to do with Bhutanese national interest or with Bhutanese Security Force at Doklam.

The demarche issued on 20th June by Bhutan Embassy in New Delhi to Chinese Embassy is a normal happening. Both China and Bhutan follow this diplomatic procedure to air any misgivings or clear any misunderstandings at the borders. The soldiers of China and Bhutan do not engage in unruly jostling or play kapadi kind of pushing and catching game at the Sino- Bhutan border. It must also be noted that the Bhutanese Government referred to road being built in "disputed area". Not " inside undisputed " Bhutanese territory. It said " maintain status quo" which is different from allegation of encroachment into Bhutanese Security Force manned Bhutanese territory.

The Press Release by Bhutanese Foreign Ministry on 29th June is out of norm. A kind of political " cry Wolf ". Bhutan usually acts quietly with dignity. Who was Bhutan appealing to in the Press Release with all the history ? If it was China whom we were addressing then there was no need of history as they are party to all the history. This unusual propaganda type of Press Release may have been issued at Indian request to consolidate their weak stand in the international arena. Unfortunately, in so doing, the Bhutanese Government may have further complicated a complex issue. Maybe we need to prayer harder and sincerely for the guidance of Pelden Drukpa.

May Tsawa Soum be in continuous good health. Pelden Drukpa Gyel Lo!



Posted by Wangcha Sangey at 7:13 PM



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11 comments:
  1. beach.jpg

    Tshering TrashJuly 4, 2017 at 9:57 AM
    Thanks for the clarification. I enjoyed, at the same-time gained something after going through your well researched, fact based and comprehensive article. Like wise, I would appreciate if you could kindly share your wisdom on Pagsamlung area. There are gossips going on saying about 200 plus sqkm is disputed.

    DGJuly 4, 2017 at 10:34 AM
    true.. we are grateful to India for everything and we are also thankful for china for not doing anything. But both giants should respect that Bhutan is sovereign state. we are happy to eat what is in our plate and no one shld take what is ours.

    LyongoDagoJuly 4, 2017 at 12:16 PM
    Wangcha Sangay's knowledge on Bhutanese history is laudable. Its very true that as a sovereign nation Bhutan must deal directly with China. While people like Tenzin Lamzang may have his own reason to encourage India's interference into China-Bhutan border disputes (if any). But I suspect Mr. Tenzin Lamzang wrote the article is with the Druk Gyalkhab's interest at heart. Perhap's his writings have been totally influenced by the Chinese annexation of Tibet. Thats why he seems to be all for India even at the expense of Bhutanese sovereignty.

    July 5, 2017 at 9:35 AM
    I too feel Indian Ambassy office is not required, Tenzin Lamzang itself is enough for India for the information.




    July 4, 2017 at 5:16 PM
    Some people within Bhutan is trying to grab opportunity from this unfortunate border confrontation and mobilize the Bhutanese people against China.

    Tashi tshewangJuly 4, 2017 at 6:14 PM
    Thank you for sharing this important pieces of Bhutan's history relating to Sino Bhutan Border issue. You have cleared section of diplomatic doubt that I had for this long. Coming from the Eastern most part of Bhutan sharing the border like the author does in Haa, I know, how they are selective in pushing it's own agenda then that's of our. Thank for your well articulate article

    Sherub PhuntshoJuly 4, 2017 at 7:00 PM
    The best article I have ever read on the issue. I always enjoy reading your articles. Keep enlightening innocent people like me la.

    UnknownJuly 5, 2017 at 1:02 PM
    We get a deeper understanding from the articles of Mr. Wangcha Sangey's through his blog. Sadly this seem to be lacking in our media. Perhaps our so called journalists are ignorant or that they are afraid to say anything that might not please India. I request the author to keep up his good work of enlightening his readers. It would really be nice if he could put these articles in the print media such as Kuensel.

    July 5, 2017 at 1:41 PM
    Thanks for this great and informative article. If India had negotiated with Bhutan on our southern borders like China is doing on our northern borders, the result would have been different. The way China treats Tibetans in Tibet sends wrong message to people in Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan and other peoples of Tibetan stocks in the Himalayan regions. During the 1962 war between China and India, China had not encroached inch of Bhutan's territory.

    July 5, 2017 at 3:47 PM
    I wish your blog shall be read by all Bhutanes, Chinese and Indians. The points in your blog truely resonate wit me.Thank you for that.

    But I have one question. While you agree that Bhutan entirely depend on India for her survival in terms of food or whatever, and then if Bhutan signs its sino-bhutan border agreement independently in the name of sovereign nation that is against the will of India,have you ever thought of th consequences Bhutan will be made face by India? Do you remember how a mere withdrwal of LPG gas has shocked the whole nation?

    My conclusion is Bhutan is at complicated situation.That's all. And your blog too says that and no clear way out. Ofcourse I too agree that it could be blessing in disguise for us if either the gaint takes overDoklam plateau by force. Paldhen Drukpa Gyalo.

    Wang TsheringJuly 5, 2017 at 5:09 PM
    Thanks for information ... enjoyed reading

    Reply
 
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What India did to Nepal may server as a wake-up call to people in Bhutan: "Indian way or high way"!

You put your foot in your mouth. Nothing much China can do in this episode. Either accept the treaty and halt the construction or make India as your enemy and feel the music in Indian sub continent.
 
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It is the "dispute area" between China and Bhutan, but it is the stand off between China and India. Should we slow down and listen to what Bhutan has to say?

I think India and China need to talk this out. The area is of strategic importance for India because India feels threatened by China and how the Chinese can cut of India's North east during a military standoff so i feel India and China need more confidence building measures and resolve the border dispute so that India dosent feel threatened by China.

What India did to Nepal may server as a wake-up call to people in Bhutan: "Indian way or high way"!

I agree India had set a very wrong example when it came to Nepal.
 
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You put your foot in your mouth. Nothing much China can do in this episode. Either accept the treaty and halt the construction or make India as your enemy and feel the music in Indian sub continent.

You never know what would happen. Yo see, you can't even get Maoists rebels settled in Indian mainland.
 
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You never know what would happen. Yo see, you can't even get Maoists rebels settled in Indian mainland.

So you are saying all is well in China with largest internal security personal and 100 Billions spent on them?

CCP is a fragile entity run by 50 odd people. It is an insecure beast which feeds on Chinese people grabbing their rights.
 
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So you are saying all is well in China with largest internal security personal and 100 Billions spent on them?

CCP is a fragile entity run by 50 odd people. It is an insecure beast which feeds on Chinese people grabbing their rights.

Come on bro where are you reading this stuff its all propaganda.
 
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You put your foot in your mouth. Nothing much China can do in this episode. Either accept the treaty and halt the construction or make India as your enemy and feel the music in Indian sub continent.
Wow. Sounds like it is India who has 5 times larger economy instead of China.
China builds road in its territory(recognized by both sides long before) and India troops entered China territory to stop the road construction. Are you Indians crazy?
 
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So you are saying all is well in China with largest internal security personal and 100 Billions spent on them?

CCP is a fragile entity run by 50 odd people. It is an insecure beast which feeds on Chinese people grabbing their rights.

Whatever you tried to demonize Chinese system or CPC, the fact remain that India's economy is 1/5 of that of China.
 
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Wow. Sounds like it is India who has 5 times larger economy instead of China.
China builds road in its territory(recognize by both sides long before) and India troops entered China territory to stop the road construction. Are you Indians crazy?

You are violating the agreement between India, China and Bhutan. The culprit here is China. Bhutan already made a statement that China is violating the agreement.

I guess Vietnam taught you a lesson. Does Vietnam has a bigger economy.

This situation will not be like that of SCS where small nations never raised a word against Chinese Greediness.

BTW remove the dubious 'han' ethnicity word. China is a nation of nations with many languages and cultures oppresses by tiny han minority.
 
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Bhutan needs to establish diplomatic ties with Beijing, & continue discussions within the framework of bilateral negotiation without third party interference.
 
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