I would rather disagree with the bold part because Pakistan is enriched with good intellectuals, but often we like to go into grey areas where we should be going unless we dont have a complete grasp of things we are saying. For example, few days ago, I passed upon Orya Maqbool Jan's column on Japanese Banking System and he was saying that since BoJ follows "zero interest rate" policy, thus it was the blessing of getting rid of "interest" which was responsible for Japanese Economic Miracle. Now if we look in Islam, it sets a benchmark for transactions, "The profit belongs to those who are willing to bear the loss" and of course the principal of equity . Now if we take a simple example where depositor is getting nothing on his money while the lender is not paying anything on his money (includes government) his is a severe violation of equity principal of Islam. It is because of this that we see Japanese Government debt to GDP being world's largest (185-190%). I personally believe if he were to write on interest free banking system them Malaysia should have been the example not the Japan. Secondly, Japan's Economic Miracle was not mere the result of Zero Interest Rate policy (which came in 90s) , instead, the efforts of Japanese government establishing industry, funding enterprises and achieving remarkable 92% Primarly enrollment and around 60% Tertiary Education rate. Their start was also very modest, they started by copying US (Thats a fact!) as it was the most easy thing they could do initially, but they stayed committed and gradually got solid footings as the industry was supported by abundant highly skilled labor thanks to their efforts in education. In short, when you see none of these happening in Pakistan, doesn't it amazes you that even with 2% Tertiary education Pakistan is doing so well?