If a community exhibits negative behavior, there may be underlying factors that contribute to it. For instance, we can consider the case of England. According to the most recent available data from the UK government, the ethnic group that is overrepresented in the prison population relative to the general population is Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups.
In England and Wales, BAME groups constituted 26% of the prison population, despite representing only 14% of the general population. Among BAME groups, those who identify as Black or Black British had the highest representation, comprising 12% of the prison population compared to just 3% of the general population.
Additionally, studies have demonstrated that these groups have a greater likelihood of developing particular health conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. For instance, in 2019, the mortality rate from diabetes was 3.5 times higher for people of South Asian ethnicity and 3.2 times higher for people of Black African ethnicity than for the White British population. Similarly, the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease was 1.7 times higher for people of South Asian ethnicity and 1.6 times higher for people of Black African ethnicity than for the White British population.
If certain groups in Pakistan, such as the Pashtuns and Balochs, are exhibiting Anti-social behavior, then there are likely other underlying issues that these groups are experiencing. However, the lack of available data makes it difficult to identify and address these problems. If left unaddressed, these issues can have a ripple effect on other apparently healthy groups. It is crucial to understand that these issues are complex and are influenced by a range of social, economic, and political factors. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed that includes addressing the social determinants of health, improving access to healthcare services for all individuals, providing justice, and ensuring political stability.
The argument has been made that unlike the Pashtuns and Balochs, Black communities have not resorted to suicide bombing. However, suicide bombing is not exclusive to any particular group, as individuals from diverse religious, political, and cultural backgrounds can carry out such attacks. Research has revealed that an individual's decision to become a suicide bomber can be influenced by factors like political grievances, ideological beliefs, social isolation, and mental illness. It is crucial to acknowledge that most individuals from any group do not engage in extremist or violent behavior, and generalizing about any group can be damaging and propagate stereotypes.
Nonetheless, there have been instances of suicide bombings carried out by individuals of black ethnicity. For instance, in 1994, a member of the Palestinian group Hamas named Mohammed Abdelhadi, who was of Sudanese descent, carried out a suicide bombing of a commuter bus in Israel. In addition, in the context of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, there have been cases of black suicide bombers.