From what has been deduced over the years, PAF was seeking a qualitative yet cost-effective lightweight aircraft with a modular design that would be free of political risk. The concept of JF-17 was to develop an airframe from scratch with the Chinese/CAC help and then incorporate Western avionics and weapon systems. In this sense, the JF-17 and FC-1 variants were only to share the airframe. As the project went along the Chinese avionics and weapon systems improved and Western items started to become politically risky. Thus, JF-17 too ended up being predominantly Chinese inside out. Problem with J-10 was that (1) it was perhaps not as modular as the JF-17/FC-1 (at least on paper at the time), (2) it was not in the lightweight class, (3) cost was relatively higher, and (4) PAF was still holding on to the hopes of acquiring F-16s, or Mirage-2000, which were of the same class but significantly superior at the time. Needless to say, JF-17 turned out to be what it was meant to be.