Cameron loses Commons Syria vote
August 29, 2013
Western efforts to co-ordinate action against the Assad regime in Syria over charges of chemical attacks against civilians were dealt a blow on Thursday night when UK prime minister David Cameron lost a vote in the House of Commons on the issue.
The vote on the principle of military action was to have been followed by another debate once reports from UN weapons inspectors in Damascus had been received. But the strong demonstration of scepticism by politicians calls that into question with the loss by 13 votes coming in spite of intelligence and legal briefings presented by the UK government attempting to justify a military response.
After the vote Mr Cameron said: “It’s clear to me that the British parliament and the British people do not wish to see military action; I get that, and I will act accordingly.”
Mr Cameron had already had to backtrack on his initial plan to secure parliamentary approval for intervention on Thursday in the face of widespread opposition.
MPs, scarred by the memories of the 2003 Iraq war, had debated a motion authorising military intervention once the inspectors’ findings were known. The Thursday debate was only on the principle of intervention to deter use of chemical weapons.
After 24 hours of diplomatic setbacks, the US and the UK had presented their case for a punitive strike on the Assad regime in a bid to justify retaliation over the use of chemical weapons.
Ahead of the release of a US assessment tying President Bashar al-Assad’s forces to the chemical attack that killed more than 300 people in eastern Damascus, the British government released an intelligence briefing which said it was “highly likely” the regime was responsible.
In a separate document, government lawyers in London said there was a humanitarian case for the UK to intervene legally in Syria without a UN Security Council resolution.
US President Barack Obama and Mr Cameron were under pressure to convince their sceptical publics and politicians that this was not a repeat of 2003 when faulty intelligence undermined the west’s case for war against Iraq. On Wednesday UN secretary-general Ban Ki-Moon threw an obstacle in the way of their apparent push for action this weekend when he called for more time for the inspectors.
In Washington, Mr Obama and his administration launched a concerted lobbying effort with Congress, which is divided across party lines on the utility and legality of a strike.
A White House official said the administration would brief the congressional leadership, Republicans John Boehner and Mitch McConnell, and Democrats Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid, as well as the most senior members of the national security committees in both chambers.
The congressional leadership has largely supported the need to retaliate against Syria but has complained about the lack of consultation by the White House ahead of the authorisation of strikes.
Mike Rogers, the Republican chair of the House Intelligence Committee, said Mr Obama needed “buy-in” from both the Congress and the public. “Our options on Syria are getting narrower by the day,” he said.
UN inspectors are in Syria gathering evidence about the attack but they do not have a mandate to apportion blame for it. Mr Ban said the inspectors were to leave Syria on Saturday morning and report their findings to him immediately.
He said he would share the findings with UN member states but did not say when the Security Council might meet to discuss the report into last week’s alleged use of chemical weapons.
The US, UK and France have been preparing a response to the attack, including a potential strike against the Assad regime by the weekend, but have been forced to modify their plans because of the inspectors’ timetable.
Mr Assad said on Thursday that Syria would “defend itself in the face of any aggression”. “The threats of direct aggression against Syria will only increase our commitment to our deep-rooted principles and the independent will of our people,” state TV quoted him telling visiting Yemeni politicians.
Angela Merkel, German chancellor, told Vladimir Putin, president of Mr Assad’s ally Russia, that he should use the Security Council to effect a “quick, unanimous international reaction” to the use of chemical weapons, a government statement said.
Russia, which has repeatedly vetoed UN action against Mr Assad, is expected to block a strong response to the attack in Damascus. Moscow says there is no evidence the regime is responsible for using chemical weapons.
Jon Day, the chairman of the UK’s Joint Intelligence Committee, said in an open letter to Mr Cameron that there was “a limited but growing body of intelligence which supports the judgment that the regime was responsible for the attacks”.
The letter, which said the Syrian regime had used lethal chemical weapons on 14 occasions since 2012, said the assessment was based on intelligence reports plus diplomatic and open sources but did not divulge any of the evidence.
Mr Day’s letter said: “There is no credible intelligence or other evidence to substantiate the claims or the possession of [chemical weapons] by the opposition. The JIC has therefore concluded that there are no plausible alternative scenarios to regime responsibility.”
It added that the only area where there was any doubt was “the regime’s precise motivation for carrying out an attack of this scale at this time”.
The UK government’s legal opinion said intervention was legally justified provided there was convincing evidence of “extreme humanitarian distress on a large scale”; there was “no practicable alternative to the use of force if lives are to be saved”; and the use of force was proportionate and “strictly limited in time and scope”.
Mr Obama said on Wednesday night that he had not decided what form his reaction would take but added in a television interview that a “decisive but very limited . . . shot across the bow” of Mr Assad “can have a positive impact on our national security”.
In Paris, President François Hollande said conditions for achieving a political solution in Syria would only be met if the international community halted the escalation of violence.
Cameron loses Commons Syria vote - FT.com