Vintage AD equipment?
500 radar systems in total (dispersed across 100+ locations), providing necessary cues to various types of SAM systems* and thousands of different types of AA guns.
"The Iraqi IADS was a composite system which integrated European and Soviet search and acquisition radars, and a range of Soviet and European SAM and AAA systems, all tied together with a French built Kari C3 (Command/Control/Communications) network. While smaller than the now defunct Soviet system in central Europe (Western TVD), the system had a respectable capability and comparable if not higher density of SAM and AAA systems, with considerable redundancy in communications links and hardened C3 facilities." - Carlo Kopp
*Following options:
Roland-2 (mobile)
SA-13 Gopher (mobile)
SA-9 Gaskin (mobile)
SA-8 Gecko (mobile)
SA-6 Gainful (mobile)
SA-3 Goa
SA-2 Guideline
- dispersed across 130+ locations (air defense spots) and 4 air-defense sectors in total. Some of the above are EO/IR based, and could operate independently of radar guidance.
Man portable options: HN-5A; SA-7 Grail; SA-14 Gremlin; SA-16 Gimlet; and SA-18 Grouse
---
Iraq had established a proper IADS by 1990, and it was far more extensive and capable than that of Vietnam. US-led forces had no prior operational exposure to air defense arrangements of matching complexity, mind you.
If you think that Iraq had vintage AD equipment in 1991, then take a look at Soviet and Chinese AD equipment and arrangements in the same year.
- Linked to Soviet C^3 (command/control/communications) network encompassing hundreds of radar systems and thousands of different types of AA guns.
China was below USSR and Iraq in these matters in 1991.
---
US-led forces did not simply pound their way to glory in the Persian Gulf War (1991).
There was substantial (behind-the-scenes) homework prior to pressing the trigger, and engagement tactics were devised accordingly (credit to Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. and his colleagues). There was a massive military build-up prior to pressing the trigger as well because Saddam Hussein had committed a million troops to the defense of Kuwait and Iraq on the whole. First step was to destroy Iraqi early warning radar systems with carefully executed surgical strikes involving special forces, to open a gaping hole in the Iraqi IADS coverage through which hundreds of potent fighter aircraft and electronic warfare platforms could be slipped through. Next step was to strike at and disrupt KARI C^3 (command/control/communications) network on the whole = hundreds of air strikes were directed towards this end alone; power stations and military bases were also struck in the process. Precision munitions and cruise missiles were utilized for the first time in large numbers, to devastating effect. This war turned out much different from the Vietnam War because US was a DIFFERENT BEAST in terms of warfare in 1991. Advanced spy satellite networks and powerful AWACS platforms made it possible for US-led forces to map Iraqi IADS prior to the war. Even then every aircraft lost during the course of military operations in this war, was attributed to Iraqi IADS - it had lot of teeth.
Vietnam War was a fantastic teacher to the US in the art of warfare, and subsequent military-related reforms completely redefined American war-machine and conventional fighting methods - this is the topic worth exploring - a topic which people commonly overlook in relation to Persian Gulf War (1991). Instead of declaring Iraq being ill-equipped to fight a war in 1991, concentrate on actual facts and ignore silly narratives/perceptions. I shall remind you that US is only getting better in this game but few are paying attention as usual.