HOMI J BHABHA
IDEA LEADER
1909-1966
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Full credit for the establishment of India's nuclear research program, and its nuclear weapons program, must be given to Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, a man who throughout his life dominated both the scientific and policy spheres of India's nuclear affairs, first bringing the Indian nuclear program to life and then setting its priorities and direction.
After Nehru became the new nation's first leader Bhabha was entrusted with complete authority over all nuclear related affairs and programs and answered only to Nehru himself, with whom he developed a close personal relationship. India's nuclear policy was set by unwritten personal understandings between Nehru and Bhabha.
The power that Bhabha held is no where more sharply illustrated by the fact that in the wake of China's first nuclear test Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Nehru's successor, found it necessary to align his policies with the preferences of Dr. Bhabha, and secure his personal endorsement to withstand legislative and public criticism.
M S SUBBULAKSHMI
ARTS
1930-2004
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It is almost impossible to describe the towering personality M S Subbulakshmi, fondly known as MS. Coming from the Devadasi community, the way MS has fought her disadvantaged situation is remarkable. As her biographer TJS George so rightly puts it, "she was at once a child of history and art", both obtrusively and subliminally. The lovers of Carnatic music see M.S. as a saint, even goddess incarnate.
M.S. was initiated into music young, learning her first lessons from her mother. She appeared on stage when she was just 13. Her voice held the world in a spell. She has sung bhajans in 10 languages, each setting high standards in purity of diction and emotional content.
"Child, you carry the veena in your throat," said veena maestro Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer. "Suswaralakshmi, Subhalakshmi," (goddess of perfect tone and auspiciousness) pronounced Bade Ghulam Ali Khan. Yehudi Menuhin was enraptured by the golden voice. Zubin Mehta was reluctant to take the stage after an M.S. concert. Even the blind and deaf Helen Keller exclaimed that M S sings like an angel.
Subbulakshmi became a cult figure not only as a singer par excellence. She will be remembered as one of the most loved representatives of the best in traditional Indian values.
A large number of awards including the Bharat Ratna were heaped on MS during her illustrious career spanning more than 50 years. MS lives forever. (Bharat Ratna)
MOHAMMED RAFI
ENTERTAINMENT
1924-1980
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One of Indian cinemas most popular male playback singers, Mohammed Rafi reigned over the world of Hindi film music for almost 40 years. Be it a romantic number, a classical tune, a patriotic number, ghazal or a bhajan Mohammed Rafi had the ability to adapt his voice to the mood and is considered by many to be the most versatile singer ever in the history of Indian cinema.
Inspired by singers like KL Saigal and GM Durrani, Rafi began his career as a singer in Lahore in 1941 with a Punjabi film, later moved to Mumbai in 1944. In 1948, after Mahatma Gandhis assassination, Mohammed Rafi reportedly overnight created the song Suno Suno Ae Duniyawalon, Bapuji Ki Amar Kahani
and later received a silver medal from Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on the first anniversary of the Indian Independence Day.
While looking for work, Rafi reportedly met music composer Naushad with a recommendation letter from Naushads father and Rafi soon took Talat Mahmoods place as Naushads favourite singer.
Rafi had successful associations with almost every mainstream music composer he worked with, be it SD Burman, Shankar Jaikishan, OP Nayyar or Madan Mohan. Rafi was honoured with the Padmshri in 1967 and won 6 Filmfare awards over the years.
Though the legendary singer took a break and chose to sing fewer songs in the 1970s, his popularity did not wane. Infact Rafi won the National Award for playback singing as late as in 1977 for the song Kya Hua Tera Vaada
from Hum Kisise Kum Nahin.
KISHORE KUMAR
ENTERTAINMENT
1929-1987
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Though Kishore Kumar is best known as one of Hindi cinemas most popular singers, the legendary artiste wore many hats including those of an actor, lyricist, scriptwriter and filmmaker.
A young Kishore followed his elder brother and actor Ashok Kumar to Mumbai in the early 1940s, and began to receive offers for playback singing even though he had no formal training in singing. Kishore Kumar also started acting in a few films featuring his brother, but was not interested in being an actor since his passion lay in singing. It was SD Burman who believe in Kishores talent as a singer and promoted him, using him as the voice for Dev Anand.
He also acted in a few popular films during the 50s and 60s including Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, Half Ticket and Padosan.Kishore Kumars popularity as a singer reached new heights with the release of Aradhana, in which he sang for Rajesh Khanna and won his first Filmfare award for Best Playback Singer (Male). During the Emergency in 1975, Kishore Kumar reportedly refused to sing for a Congress party rally in Mumbai and as a result there was an unofficial ban on playing any Kishore Kumar song on All India Radio till the end of Emergency.
In his personal life, Kishore Kumar married four times and stories and anecdotes about the singers eccentric behaviour only added to the aura of unpredictability around him. Even decades after his untimely death at the age of 58 in 1987, the versatile Kishore Kumar continues to be arguably Indias most popular playback singer ever.
KANSHI RAM
POLITICAL LEADER
BORN 1934
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From a little known Dalit organisation, he created a pan India political party that rose to rule the most populous state of India- Uttar Pradesh, a state that still determines the power equations at the Centre.
He turned Dalit anger into votes and directed all his energies to launch a monotone assault on political power through political mobilisation among the Dalits and others under the broader sweep of what he called, after Jotiba Phule, the Bahujan Samaj. Kanshi Ram created, for the first time in history, a resurgence of the Dalit community in UP where little or no social reform movements have taken place.
His BSP has taken Ambedkar from seminar halls and universities to all over the country and especially where it matters the most - the voting machine. He stands in poor contrast to other great Dalit social reformers including Ambedkar.
His legacy is flawed in many ways and it consists of a one - woman Mayawati dominated BSP. But, one cant overlook the importance of being Kanshi Ram. Because he created a massive Dalit vote bank by the Dalits, of the Dalits and for the Dalits. The process of political assertion of Dalits which he pioneered looks irreversible.
KANSHI RAM
POLITICAL LEADER
BORN 1934
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From a little known Dalit organisation, he created a pan India political party that rose to rule the most populous state of India- Uttar Pradesh, a state that still determines the power equations at the Centre.
He turned Dalit anger into votes and directed all his energies to launch a monotone assault on political power through political mobilisation among the Dalits and others under the broader sweep of what he called, after Jotiba Phule, the Bahujan Samaj. Kanshi Ram created, for the first time in history, a resurgence of the Dalit community in UP where little or no social reform movements have taken place.
His BSP has taken Ambedkar from seminar halls and universities to all over the country and especially where it matters the most - the voting machine. He stands in poor contrast to other great Dalit social reformers including Ambedkar.
His legacy is flawed in many ways and it consists of a one - woman Mayawati dominated BSP. But, one cant overlook the importance of being Kanshi Ram. Because he created a massive Dalit vote bank by the Dalits, of the Dalits and for the Dalits. The process of political assertion of Dalits which he pioneered looks irreversible.
VALLABHAI PATEL
POLITICAL LEADER
1875 1950
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Described as 'Iron Man of India' Sardar Vallabhai Patel will always be remembered for the stellar role he played in unifying the country by integrating over 500 princely states into the union of India. Patel was Nehru's near equal in leadership qualities, acceptance of the people, indomitable courage, scholarship and statesmanship. Slightly younger to Mahatma Gandhi and older to Nehru, Patel worked with both shoulder to shoulder during freedom struggle. While Nehru was known as a great thinker statesman, Patel was known as a doer statesman. Together they laid a strong foundation for modern India. In the words of many of his contemporaries, he was one of the best PM India never had.
A B VAJPAYEE
POLITICAL LEADER
BORN 1924
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Known as the Ajaatshatru (a person with no enemies) in Indian politics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee is one of the most admired public figures. He is liked by both his admirers and opponents. A true believer in the culture of consensus Vajpayee led a fractious coalition government for Six years from 1998-2004. His first term in office lasted for just 13 days in 1996. As India's first non-Congress foreign minister during post Emergency years, he was credited with maintaining the most cordial relationship with Pakistan.
"Atal Bihari Vajpayee is the best PM India has never had," was the refrain among many Indians during 1980s and 1990s. He showed immense boldness in taking a bus yatra to Lahore before the Kargil war and going ahead with Pokhran - two. As a political analyst once rightly said 'He is larger than his party'. A true unifier, who is above his party and politics. His love for poetry is unmatched in Indian politics.