No, ODA only bring benefit to the corrupted officials and dirty loanshark (JP Govt). ODA means u have to buy low quality JP products wt high price. For example: A JP car cost 10.000 USD , but when u buy it wt ODA, u will have to buy it wt 14,000 USD. If they only give u $10,000 , it means u only can buy a low quality car wt real price is $ 6,000
Many ODA project must cut 40 % to the board of management (dont know how many % the JP contractors got). So, who got the benefit here ??
Again, I say I agree partly with you.
There is grant aid ODA, no need to pay back.
With big project, as I know there is international open Tender, the Bidding should been applied to permit participate to other big contractors from other countries in the world, not only limited to Japanese company.
Hai Van Tunnel project contract price is only 66 % of bidding price (the cost estimated made by consultant, approved by both side ODA donor and ODA receiver agency).
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