AIR CHIEF MARSHAL KALEEM SAADAT - PAKISTAN AIR FORCE CHIEF OF STAFF
Andrew Koch JDW Bureau Chief
Washington, DC
The Pakistan armed forces are deeply troubled by what they see as a changing balance of power tilting dangerously in regional rival India's favour, says Air Chief Marshal (ACM) Kaleem Saadat, Pakistan Air Force Chief of Staff.
To address that situation, ACM Saadat says that Pakistan is looking for new foreign supplies of advanced weaponry, outlining the Pakistan Air Force's (PAF's) ambitious list of modernisation priorities during a recent trip to Washington.
A top near-term priority for the PAF, ACM Saadat says, is the acquisition of beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles (BVRAAMs). While he notes that Pakistan is interested in buying such a missile from US or European suppliers, "that option is not yet open" and therefore "I guess ultimately it will have to be Chinese". Pakistan has been working with China on developing the SD-10 BVRAAM missile, which ACM Saadat says could be ready for operational use "in less than a year". Whichever missile Pakistan chooses, the ACM notes, "money is [now] not a problem" as had previously been the case.
Although the BVRAAM would initially be integrated into the JF-17 Thunder lightweight fighter (previously known as the FC-1/Super-7), ACM Saadat says the plan is to ultimately retrofit the missile into all PAF fighter aircraft.
The service has also named acquisition of new fighters with "F-16 and above capability" as another primary need. The PAF is currently exploring a number of options, he notes, including F-16s repeatedly requested from Washington, Mirage 2000-9s similar to those bought by the United Arab Emirates and Gripens. Regarding the last two, ACM Saadat notes that "the service is actively talking" to the suppliers, adding that Pakistan is also exploring options to acquire used F-16s - with the possibility of receiving them from Belgium or the Netherlands having been raised because both plan to dispose of some F-16s. "What we were suggesting is that if the US government has objections to only [supplying] the new [F-16s], acquiring used ones is one alternative option." He notes that "they [Washington] haven't said 'yes', they haven't said 'no'".
The PAF intends to take up the US offer to upgrade the country's existing F-16s, the ACM says, with capabilities that would allow the service to add a BVRAAM as a top priority. Such work would include digitised electronics, structural support changes and increased sensors such as improved radars.
The PAF prefers the F-16 option because Pakistan already possesses the necessary logistical and training infrastructure to support the aircraft. If Pakistan is able to get more F-16s, it would also be able to afford additional aircraft, ACM Saadat says, noting "it is not an either/or situation". However, he explained, if another high-tech model aircraft was bought, that would be the only aircraft the PAF could afford.
Pakistan had also been interested in buying used Mirage 2000-5s from Qatar, but ACM Saadat says that following Indian interest in the same aircraft, it "is [now] too complex a deal, so perhaps it would not be easy to complete." Nevertheless, he adds, the PAF will continue to pursue the deal because "my philosophy is that regardless of the obstacles we must try on every axis in order to have success on one".
Moreover, he explained, "The Chinese option is also available" beyond the JF-17, hinting that Pakistan may consider procuring Chengdu J-10 multirole combat aircraft if they are available.
Regardless of which top-of-the-line fighter Pakistan ultimately acquires, it is also seeking larger numbers of less sophisticated aircraft to replace its ageing fleet. "We have to replace our A-5s, F-7s, and Mirages within five to seven years," ACM Saadat explains, noting that the JF-17 "bodes well for our future and fits into our plan. It is a good investment". Pakistan plans to build at least 150 of the aircraft, which will be co-produced with China at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex in Kamra. The plant will be capable of building at least 20-25 aircraft per year, he notes, and production is expected to begin within three years.
If Islamabad fails to acquire additional sophisticated fighters, it would seek to apply those funds to improving its ground-based air-defence systems, the ACM says. Pakistan has requested the HAWK surface-to-air missile system from the US, and is also exploring similar Ukrainian, Spanish, Italian and Chinese systems. But, he added, due to the systems' high costs, any such purchases are likely to be deferred if the funds are spent on new high-tech fighters.
Another priority the PAF will pursue is the acquisition of mid-sized airborne early-warning and control aircraft like the E-2C Hawkeye or a variant of the Embraer EMB-145. Although the US has not answered a Pakistani query on whether it might be willing to provide Islamabad with the estimated six to 10 aircraft ACM Saadat says are needed, he notes that the US could be more amenable to providing them because they are viewed as defensive in nature, adding that the US has already allowed Pakistan to conduct paper evaluations of the aircraft. Pakistan would want used Hawkeyes and would hope to upgrade them, ACM Saadat notes.
In order to address "the threat posed to our navy by the Indian Navy", the PAF is also looking to acquire an air-to-air refuelling capability that would "extend the range of our aircraft", ACM Saadat says. This capability would allow PAF aircraft to travel sufficient ranges to be able to assist the country's naval assets against a growing Indian naval threat, he notes. In this regard, "we would look for a fast jet airplane", likely a commercial aircraft derivative, ACM Saadat says, and the service could look to begin the acquisition process in "two years time".
Finally, Pakistan is looking to buy a number of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to conduct surveillance and reconnaissance missions along the country's borders . Islamabad "has already put in a letter of request for UAVs" with the US, ACM Saadat explains, noting that he expects it to be approved. Pakistan is looking for two categories of UAVs - the first with a range of 200km, and the second with a range of 500km, he adds.