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From Wiki:
The
United States is a
federation, with elected officials at the federal (national), state and local levels.
On a national level, the head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people, through an Electoral College. Today, the electors virtually always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the
Congress, are directly elected. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective
governor and
legislature. There are also elected offices at the local level, in counties and cities. It is estimated that across the whole country, over one million offices are filled in every electoral cycle.
Presidential elections[edit]
Main articles:
United States presidential election and
Electoral College (United States)
The President and the Vice President are elected together in a Presidential election.
[9] It is an
indirect election, with the winner being determined by votes cast by electors of the
Electoral College. In modern times, voters in each state select a slate of electors from a list of several slates designated by different parties or candidates, and the electors typically promise in advance to vote for the candidates of their party (whose names of the presidential candidates usually appear on the ballot rather than those of the individual electors). The winner of the election is the candidate with at least 270 Electoral College votes.
It is possible for a candidate to win the electoral vote, and lose the (nationwide) popular vote (receive fewer votes nationwide than the second ranked candidate). Until the
Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution of 1804, the runner-up in a Presidential election
[10] became the Vice President.
Electoral College votes are cast by individual states by a group of electors, each elector casts one electoral college vote. Until the
Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution of 1961 the
District of Columbia citizens did not have representation and/or electors in the electoral college. In modern times, with electors usually committed to vote for a party candidate in advance, electors that vote against the popular vote in their state are called
faithless electors, and occurrences are rare. State law regulates how states cast their electoral college votes. In all states except
Maine and
Nebraska, the candidate that wins the most votes in the state receives all its electoral college votes (a "winner takes all" system). From 1969 in Maine, and from 1991 in Nebraska, two electoral votes are awarded based on the winner of the statewide election, and the rest (two in Maine, three in Nebraska) go to the highest vote-winner in each of the state's congressional districts.
Final 2012 Presidential Election Electoral and Popular Vote