Raja.Pakistani
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If I understood you correctly, there is no straight verse that can ascertain somebody is Muslim or not, the same way one can straightforward say lying is unislamic because of chapter xxx verse yyy.
Its some human beings (learned people )who take all these quranic dos and dont and decide which is bare minimum(vitally important) to be considered muslim.
Suppose quran says
1. muslim should/not do x
2. muslim should/not do y
3. muslim should/not do z
Picking which of x, y , z is bare minimum to be called muslim is done by human.
does quran specify those basic reqirements to be basic?
sure its left for human to interpret the Quran or quranic ruiling. I already mentioned what are those fundamental concepts in Islam
Oneness of Allah, believe in Quran as words of God, believe in prophets/angels/resurrection and day of judgement. This part refer to Aqeedah. There are also five pillars of Islam which include Shahada, Salah(prayer), Alms-giving, fasting and Pilgrimage
Now question is what it actually mean to believe in Quran? It means whatever is written in Quran is true/valid and is word of God and you accept it. For example if a person believe lying/killing is wrong and its not part of Islam but still he commit these acts then he commit a sin but still a Muslim but if he say killing/lying is part of Islam then he commit Kufr by rejecting the quranic teaching. Similarly committing homosexuality is sin but making it part of Islam/quran is kufr
Kufr[ : denial or rejection of the truth]