Indos
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@Indus Pakistan
From Mughals to Tipu Sultan, all Muslim Indian rulers (with a few notable exceptions) paid homage to Ottoman Khalifa
After the demise of Shah Alam II even the khutba (Friday prayer sermon) was read in India in the name of the Ottoman Khalifa.
'Khalifa' had always been considered a symbol of unity among Muslims. The creation of Pakistan was indeed the culmination of a process that derived all of its sustenance from the idea/theory of Indian Muslim Nationalism which was partly inspired by the Khilafat Movement
Letter written by Mughal emperor Humayun to ‘Suleiman the Magnificent’ :
Gifts of sincere wishes to your exalted majesty the possessor of the dignity of Khilafat, the pole of the sky of greatness and fortune, the consolidator of the foundations of Islam.Your name is engraved on the seal of greatness and in your time the Khilafat has been carried to perfection. May your Khilafat be perpetuated. God be praised that the gates of victory are opened by the eyes of His inspiration and His dispensation the seat of the Sultanate and the throne of the Khilafat of the realms of Hind and Sind is once again graced by a monarch (Humayun) whose magnificence is equal to that of Sultan Suleiman the magnificent.
Do you know the original language of the letter ? Is it Arabic or Turkish ? Quite curious to know common language used on that time by various Islamic Kingdom across the Muslim World to communicate to each other.