AUSTERLITZ
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The combination of horse archers and armoured lancers as a small arms unit was lethal.
To avoid the deadly hail of missiles, enemies would frequently spread out, or seek cover, breaking up their formations and making them more vulnerable to the lancers' charges. Likewise, when they packed themselves together, into dense square or phalanx style formations, they would become more vulnerable to the arrows.
Once the enemy was deemed sufficiently weakened, the noyans would give the order. The drums would beat and the signal flags wave, telling the lancers to begin their charge. Often, the devastation of the arrows was enough to rout an enemy, so the lancers were only needed to help pursue and mop up the remnants.
When facing European armies, whose emphasis was in formations of heavy cavalry, the Mongols would avoid direct confrontation, and would instead use their bows to destroy enemy cavalry at long distances. If the armor withstood their arrows, the Mongols killed the knights' horses, leaving a heavily armored man on foot and isolated.
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The mongol imperial guard was the elite keshig.Under superb commanders like subedei,genghis,jube,batu and hulugu the mongols swept all before them.Their ahead of time signals and communication system in campaign and battle using flags ensured superb co ordiantion.Espionage and psychological warfare were also used.Terror and massed butchery werea instrument of state policy.
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Th traditional mongol recurve bow.For its time it was unmatched in accuracy,firepower and range.
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Mongol heavy cavalry.These were a prime example of how timurid and kublai khan's yuan heavy cavalry looked like.All subsequent armies of the east were influenced by mongols.
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The battle of kalka river.The beginning of subedei's assault on russia.Mongols are the only army to have conducted a large scale successful winter campaign in russia.