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The rise of China and India: a global game changer
Sajjad Ashraf
RSIS
Singapore February 16, 2013 1:00 am
In a parallel development with the rise of Asia, bilateral relations between the two largest countries, China and India, have improved remarkably since the late 1980s. Trade volume, which was about US$3 billion at the turn of the century has soared to $80 billion, making China India's largest trading partner and India China's biggest trading partner in South Asia. They aim to increase their trade to $100 billion by 2015.
Underscoring the importance of China-India relations, Xi Jinping, the new general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and president-in-waiting of China, in a letter to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, assured that China "expects to carry out close cooperation with India to create a brighter future in their bilateral relations". The world, he added, has enough space for the two and "needs their common development".
In a sign of their growing engagement, China and India announced a resumption of joint military exercises at the conclusion of their joint defence dialogue in mid-January. Reacting to the news, the leader of the opposition in the Indian parliament, Shushma Swaraj, said future generations are assured of peace and prosperity.
Indian business circles are optimistic about the growing China-India business relationship. The common people of India, as elsewhere, are happy benefitting from the import of affordable Chinese products. Together, China and India, as factory and service centre respectively to the world, are on track to drive much of the global economy this century. This volume of business activity reflects the two countries' mutual political guiding principles that "economic and trade relations are conducive to the increase of mutual trust…"
The International Monetary Fund estimates that Chinese total GDP may overtake the US by 2017. By the middle of this century, China and India will be the biggest economies in the world. Together the two have a GDP of approximately $10 trillion and are expected to make up around 30 per cent of the world GDP in 2015, lifting the continent and far beyond with them.
China has become the world's second largest oil importer after the US, importing roughly 5.5 million barrels per day (BPD), while India, at number four, imports approximately 2.3 million BPD. The bulk of their oil originates from the Persian Gulf and Africa. As economic powerhouses, both need to cooperate in ensuring the security of sea lanes.
China and India are ancient civilisations, known for their immense contribution to human knowledge, growing peacefully across Himalayas. People from both countries have spread afar, peacefully taking along with them Chinese and Indian cultures to the far corners of the world, with no histories of colonising others. In the new strategic environment of a globalised world, the two countries are poised to take their cooperation to a new level.
While there are many convergences between China and India, there still remain several disputes that need to be managed and defused carefully. The short border war of 1962 is an aberration in centuries of peaceful existence, leaving behind an unpleasant legacy of a disputed frontier from Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Kashmir in the west. There are differences over Tibet and rivers flowing from there, and over how India deals with Pakistan - China's important ally.
India watches warily as China builds ports in Pakistan and Sri Lanka and establishes its presence in the Seychelles and along the east coast of Africa. The Chinese are concerned at Indian-Vietnamese oil exploration in the South China Sea, which China claims as its territorial water.
The differences have not deterred the two countries from developing their economic partnership as a precursor to solving more intractable issues, such as their border dispute. China is convinced that America's "pivot" policy to Asia is meant to contain China. It's worrisome for China when influential US analysts like Robert Kaplan openly promote India "to act as a counter-balance to the rising Chinese power".
That is why very early in his term Xi chose to send a personal letter to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh acknowledging India as a key interlocutor for maintaining peace and security in the region. An alignment where China feels "contained" is not in India's interest, nor Asia's; indeed their being adversaries will hinder the "Asian century".
Having decided under Deng Xiaoping to single-mindedly pursue economic development, China has, in 30 years, lifted over 650 million Chinese out of poverty, and is well on the way to global leadership. India too has released its economic potential by liberalising its economy, and it boasts a middle class population of over 350 million. The two need to complement each other.
This "democratisation of the human spirit" amongst the third of mankind, as one Asian thinker calls it, channeled constructively together by China and India, can be the game-changer for the good of the world. This should not be sacrificed for big-power politics.
Sajjad Ashraf, who was Pakistan's high commissioner to Singapore 2004-2008 is an adjunct professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, the National University of Singapore.
The rise of China and India: a global game changer - The Nation
Sajjad Ashraf
RSIS
Singapore February 16, 2013 1:00 am
In a parallel development with the rise of Asia, bilateral relations between the two largest countries, China and India, have improved remarkably since the late 1980s. Trade volume, which was about US$3 billion at the turn of the century has soared to $80 billion, making China India's largest trading partner and India China's biggest trading partner in South Asia. They aim to increase their trade to $100 billion by 2015.
Underscoring the importance of China-India relations, Xi Jinping, the new general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and president-in-waiting of China, in a letter to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, assured that China "expects to carry out close cooperation with India to create a brighter future in their bilateral relations". The world, he added, has enough space for the two and "needs their common development".
In a sign of their growing engagement, China and India announced a resumption of joint military exercises at the conclusion of their joint defence dialogue in mid-January. Reacting to the news, the leader of the opposition in the Indian parliament, Shushma Swaraj, said future generations are assured of peace and prosperity.
Indian business circles are optimistic about the growing China-India business relationship. The common people of India, as elsewhere, are happy benefitting from the import of affordable Chinese products. Together, China and India, as factory and service centre respectively to the world, are on track to drive much of the global economy this century. This volume of business activity reflects the two countries' mutual political guiding principles that "economic and trade relations are conducive to the increase of mutual trust…"
The International Monetary Fund estimates that Chinese total GDP may overtake the US by 2017. By the middle of this century, China and India will be the biggest economies in the world. Together the two have a GDP of approximately $10 trillion and are expected to make up around 30 per cent of the world GDP in 2015, lifting the continent and far beyond with them.
China has become the world's second largest oil importer after the US, importing roughly 5.5 million barrels per day (BPD), while India, at number four, imports approximately 2.3 million BPD. The bulk of their oil originates from the Persian Gulf and Africa. As economic powerhouses, both need to cooperate in ensuring the security of sea lanes.
China and India are ancient civilisations, known for their immense contribution to human knowledge, growing peacefully across Himalayas. People from both countries have spread afar, peacefully taking along with them Chinese and Indian cultures to the far corners of the world, with no histories of colonising others. In the new strategic environment of a globalised world, the two countries are poised to take their cooperation to a new level.
While there are many convergences between China and India, there still remain several disputes that need to be managed and defused carefully. The short border war of 1962 is an aberration in centuries of peaceful existence, leaving behind an unpleasant legacy of a disputed frontier from Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Kashmir in the west. There are differences over Tibet and rivers flowing from there, and over how India deals with Pakistan - China's important ally.
India watches warily as China builds ports in Pakistan and Sri Lanka and establishes its presence in the Seychelles and along the east coast of Africa. The Chinese are concerned at Indian-Vietnamese oil exploration in the South China Sea, which China claims as its territorial water.
The differences have not deterred the two countries from developing their economic partnership as a precursor to solving more intractable issues, such as their border dispute. China is convinced that America's "pivot" policy to Asia is meant to contain China. It's worrisome for China when influential US analysts like Robert Kaplan openly promote India "to act as a counter-balance to the rising Chinese power".
That is why very early in his term Xi chose to send a personal letter to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh acknowledging India as a key interlocutor for maintaining peace and security in the region. An alignment where China feels "contained" is not in India's interest, nor Asia's; indeed their being adversaries will hinder the "Asian century".
Having decided under Deng Xiaoping to single-mindedly pursue economic development, China has, in 30 years, lifted over 650 million Chinese out of poverty, and is well on the way to global leadership. India too has released its economic potential by liberalising its economy, and it boasts a middle class population of over 350 million. The two need to complement each other.
This "democratisation of the human spirit" amongst the third of mankind, as one Asian thinker calls it, channeled constructively together by China and India, can be the game-changer for the good of the world. This should not be sacrificed for big-power politics.
Sajjad Ashraf, who was Pakistan's high commissioner to Singapore 2004-2008 is an adjunct professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, the National University of Singapore.
The rise of China and India: a global game changer - The Nation
