ok lets make it simple what made the skin coulor change from europe to africa ?
Skin color is an adaptive trait, like limb proportions. According to ecological principal the more tropically adapted a population is the darker their skin color is, hence the most tropically adapted populations in the world have dark skin (tropical Africans, Melanesians, Australians ect). The ancient Egyptians were found to be tropically adapted just like tropical African populations:
"Limb ratios are of interest because of limb ratios' general relationship to climate per Allen's rule.Mammals (including Homo sapiens sapiens) tend to have shorter distal members of the extremities in colder climates; this is viewed as being adaptive. Hence the shin (tibia)/thigh (femur) index in Europeans would on the average be expected to differ from an equatorial population. Indeed, this is one line of evidence used to support the idea that at least some, if not most, Upper Paleolithic (anatomically modern) 'Europeans" were immigrants from warmer areas (Trinkhaus 1981). Of course variation is expected in any region or population.
Trinkhaus (1981) provides upper and lower extremity distal/proximal member ratios for numerous populations, including a predynastic Egyptian and Mediterranean European series. The predynastic Egyptian values plotted near tropical Africans, not Mediterranean Europeans."
--S. Keita, (1993). Studies and Comments on Ancient Egyptian Biological Relationships. History in Africa.Vol. 20, (1993), pp. 129-154
The Mediterranean is a sub tropical enviornment, which is what the country now known as Egypt mostly falls into. The fact that the ancient Egyptians were not "
SUB tropically adapted" (like Middle Easterners and southern Europeans) and instead "
TROPICALLY adapted means that the population source for the ancient Egyptians came from the tropically regions of the south (inner Africa).
You must also note that it takes over
15,000 years for a populations to adapt to moving into a new climatic zone. The fact that most modern Egyptians today are not tropically adapted as their early Egyptian ancestors from 5,000 years ago is also an indication of recent gene flow from non tropical regions (i.e the Middle East and Europe).
also if what you say it is true then the people of egypt have came from africa and build this civlization
It's not my opinion that the came from inner Africa, it's scholarly consensus:
"The evidence also points to linkages to other northeast African peoples, not coincidentally approximating the modern range of languages closely related to Egyptian in the Afro-Asiatic group (formerly called Hamito-Semetic). These linguistic similarities place ancient Egyptian in a close relationship with languages spoken today as far west as Chad, and as far south as Somalia. A widespread northeastern African cultural assemblage, including distinctive multiple barbed harpoons and pottery decorated with dotted wavy line patterns, appears during the early Neolithic (also known as the Aqualithic, a reference to the mild climate of the Sahara at this time).
Archaeological evidence also strongly supports an African origin. Saharan and Sudanese rock art from this time resembles early Egyptian iconography. Strong connections between Nubian (Sudanese) and Egyptian material culture continue in later Neolithic Badarian culture of Upper Egypt. Similarities include black-topped wares, vessels with characteristic ripple-burnished surfaces, a special tulip-shaped vessel with incised andwhite-filled decoration, palettes, and harpoons...
Other ancient Egyptian practices show strong similarities to modern African cultures including divine kingship, the use of headrests, body art, circumcision, and male coming-of-age rituals, all suggesting an African substratum or foundation for Egyptian civilization.. "
Source: Donald Redford (2001) The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt,Volume 3. Oxford University Press. p. 28
Also please re-watch the documentary that I just posted by renown African historian Basil Davidson on the origins of ancient Egypt.
and then what happend to them ?egypt from the pharous time untill now has a huge population all this people have just perished ? and there was no mass killing in egypt after invading countrys came
This has already been addressed several times throughout this thread (including in a peer reviewed article presented in my first post). The native Egyptians (who were black Africans from the south) simply absorbed (or mixed with) migrant and invading populations from the Mediterranean region (Hyksos, Greeks, Arabs, Romans, Persians, ect) over the last several thousand years (including during Dynastic times). The physical distinction between Egyptians of different times period has been noted to have occurred during Dynastic times. Early Egyptians who had biological affinities with African populations to the south were found to be physically distinct from the Late Dynastic Egyptians who had absorbed a lot of foreign admixture:
The data consist of 55 cranio-facial variables from 418 adult Egyptian individuals, from six periods, ranging in date from c. 5000 to 1200 BC.
These were compared with the 111 Late Period crania (c. 600- 350 BC) from the Howells sample. Principal Component and Canonical Discriminant Function Analyses were undertaken, on both pooled and single sex samples.
The results suggest a level of local population continuity exists within the earlier Egyptian populations, but that this was in association with some change in population structure, reflecting small-scale immigration and admixture with new groups. Most dramatically, the results also indicate that
the Egyptian series from Howells global data set are morphologically distinct from the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Nile Valley samples (especially in cranial vault shape and height), and thus show that this sample cannot be considered to be a typical Egyptian series. Intra-population and temporal variation in ancient Egyptian crania
abstact AAPA 2004) by S.R. Zakrzewski. Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK.
Modern Egyptians are according to modern research the main descendants of the ancient Egyptians however, and are also the descendants of other groups who later settled in the Nile. What has been refuted however is the notion that they have always looked the way that the generally do today.
nice name.
