True. There were leaders like Sheikh Abdullah and Abul Kalam Azad who favored India (or did not favor the partition) and there were leaders like Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas and Jinnah who favored partition.
But my point was that the Princely states were never part of the democratic process in British India.
The policy of annexation was formally renounced by the government of British India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
So any demonstrations against the princely stated should be looked at in that perspective as British assumed suzerainty over the princely states.
Who Voted For Partition?
The 1946 Assembly elections were extremely important in deciding India’s future. As Ram Guha writes in
India After Gandhi.
The world over, modern democratic politics has been marked by two rather rhetorical styles. The first appeals to hope, to popular aspirations for economic prosperity and social peace. The second appeals to fear, to sectional worries about being worsted or swamped by one’s historic enemies. In the elections of 1946, the Congress relied on the rhetoric of hope. It had a strongly positive programme, promising land reforms, workers’ rights, and the like. The Muslim League, on the other hand, relied on the rhetoric of fear. If Muslims did not get a separate homeland, the League told the voters, then they would be crushed by the more numerous Hindus in a united India. The League, sought in effect, a referendum on the question of Pakistan. As Jinnah put it in a campaign speech, ‘’elections are beginning of the end. If the Muslims decide to stand for Pakistan in the coming elections half the battle would have been won. If we fail to win the first phase of outr war, we shall be finished. ‘’
The leader’s message was energetically carried by the cadres. In Bihar, the provincial Muslim League asked the voters to ‘’judge whether the bricks of votes should be used in the preparation of a fort of ‘Ram Raj’ or for the construction of a building for the independence of Muslims and Islam.” A League election poster in Punjab offered some meaningful contrasts:
din (the faith) versus
dunya (the world
); zamir (conscience) versus
jagir (property
) haqq-koshi (righteousness) versus
sufedposhi (office). In each case, the first term stood for Pakistan, the second for Hindustan.
League propaganda also urged voters to overcome sectarian divisions of caste and clan. ‘’Unite on Islam-Become one, declared one poster. The Muslims were asked to act and vote as a single
quam, or community. A vital role was played by student volunteers, who traversed the country-side, canvassing voters from house to house.
The election results were a striking vindication of the Leagues’ campaign. As Table 1 shows, across India, in province after province, the Congress did exceedingly well in the general category. But the Muslims were swept by the League fighting on the single issue of a separate state for Muslims. In the general constituencies, the Congress won 80.9% of the voters, whereas in the seats reserved for Muslims, the League garnered 74.75 of the votes.
View attachment 322234
As it is clear from the figures above, Muslims across the country voted overwhelmingly for Pakistan with Congress doing well only in N.W.F.P. (Probably due to the influence of
Frontier Gandhi.) Does this belie the oft-repeated claim that Muslims who stayed back in India actually rejected the two-nation theory and ”chose” India over Pakistan?
It is difficult to say. First, the elections were fought in an environment of violence and fear. Second, since voting was restricted only to land-owners and the educated, only 28% of Indian were eligible to vote. The movement for Pakistan was led largely by
upper-class Muslims, it is hardly surprising that they had support in the Muslim elite. It won’t be fair to speculate how rest of the Muslims would have voted if they were eligible. Having said that, one thing is clear: A vast majority of Muslim voters in undivided India supported the creation of Pakistan.
What lessons one may draw from it? Apart from the obvious one that communal politics is dangerous, communal quotas are doubly so. Those who advocate religious quotas should remember that the concept of separate electorates played an important role in dividing India.
http://retributions.nationalinterest.in/weekend-reading-who-voted-for-partition/