Borobudur yogyakarta indonesia
Borobudur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
, or
Barabudur, is a 9th-century
Mahayana Buddhist Temple in
Magelang,
Central Java,
Indonesia. The monument consists of six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672
relief panels and 504
Buddha statues.
[1] A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside a perforated
stupa.
Built in the 9th century during the reign of the
Sailendra Dynasty, the temple's design in
Gupta architecture reflects
India's influence on the region. It also depicts the gupta style from India and shows influence of Buddhism as well as Hinduism.
[2][3] The monument is both a
shrine to the
Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist
pilgrimage. The journey for pilgrims begins at the base of the monument and follows a path around the monument and ascends to the top through three levels symbolic of
Buddhist cosmology:
Kāmadhātu (the world of desire),
Rupadhatu (the world of forms) and
Arupadhatu (the world of formlessness). The monument guides pilgrims through an extensive system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the walls and the
balustrades.
Evidence suggests Borobudur was constructed in the 9th century and abandoned following the 14th century decline of
Hindu kingdoms in Java, and the
Javaneseconversion to Islam.
[4] Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814 by
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, then the British ruler of Java, who was advised of its location by native Indonesians. Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the
Indonesian government and
UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
[5] Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage; once a year Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate
Vesak at the monument, and Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited
tourist attraction.
[6][7][8]