Reactivation of P3C Orion Aircraft

[falcone]

Thanks for the info., blain2. Here is the story about the delivery of the first P-3C again.

Pakistan receives first P-3C

Pakistan's navy has received its first of nine Lockheed Martin P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft to be upgraded in Greenville, South Carolina. One of seven ex-US Navy platforms to be returned to use, the aircraft left the USA on 10 January. A second will follow next month, while Pakistan's two earlier P-3s will also be modified.

http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/01/23/211631/pakistan-receives-first-p-3c.html

 

[falcone]

Here's an update on the remaining 7 aircraft (to be delivered):

"Lockheed Martin Corp., Maritime Systems and Sensors, St. Paul, Minn., is being awarded $186,500,000 ceiling-priced modification to a previously awarded indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract (N00019-06-D-0012) for the fabrication, integration and testing of seven P-3 aircraft missions systems for the Government of Pakistan under the Foreign Military Sales Program. This modification includes a fully capable Inverse Synthetic-Aperture Radar ISAR/SAR, Electronic Support Measures (ESM), acoustic system, Electro-Optical/Infra-Red system, communication system and Inter-Communication System (ICS). In addition, this modification includes the installation of P-3 mission systems into the aircraft. Work is expected to be completed in July 2011. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year."

 

[Neo]

Lockheed Martin awarded 186 mln usd P-3C order from US Navy for Pakistan

13-February-2007

Lockheed Martin said it will continue to support the Pakistan Navy's P-3C Upgrade Program, which began in March 2006. The company has delivered one upgraded surveillance aircraft, which was inducted in January, and a second aircraft is expected to join the fleet in March. As prime contractor to the U.S. Navy's Naval Air Systems Command, Lockheed Martin is the mission system integrator for the P-3C aircraft's mission avionics, including surveillance sensors, acoustic sensors, weapons control, communications, survivability, displays, and controls. The P-3C weapons system is the primary maritime surveillance aircraft operated by the U.S. Navy and 17 international allies.

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http://www.sharewatch.com/story.php?storynumber=325724

 

[falcone]

Same article from Lockheed Martin:
"LOCKHEED MARTIN AWARDED $186 MILLION CONTRACT TO UPGRADE P-3C MARITIME SURVEILLANCE AIRCRAFT MISSION SYSTEMS FOR PAKISTAN NAVY

EAGAN, MN, February 13, 2007 -- The U.S. Navy’s Naval Air Systems Command has awarded Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] a $186.5 million Foreign Military Sale contract to continue providing mission system upgrades and sustainment work for seven P-3C Orion maritime surveillance aircraft for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.


“This program represents an important expansion of the U.S. Navy, Pakistan Navy and Lockheed Martin P-3 relationship,” said Tom Pillion, U.S. Navy Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft director for International Programs. "It provides a world-class maritime surveillance capability to the Pakistan Navy, and will be an important contributor to allied operations.”

Lockheed Martin will continue to support the Pakistan Navy’s P-3C Upgrade Program, which began in March 2006. Lockheed Martin has delivered one upgraded surveillance aircraft, which was inducted into the Pakistan Navy in January. A second aircraft is expected to join the fleet in March. The modified P-3Cs will further enhance the Pakistan Navy’s capabilities to conduct maritime surveillance in littoral and deep water environments, supporting anti-ship and anti-submarine warfare operations.

“Lockheed Martin is pleased to have delivered the first aircraft to the Pakistan Navy and we continue our work on mission system upgrades to the remaining aircraft for Pakistan," said Richard Udicious, vice president and general manager of Lockheed Martin’s Eagan, MN-based Tactical Systems business. “We continue our commitment to sustain, refresh and support the P-3 aircraft around the world in order to meet the operators’ current and future needs.”

“With 91 percent of all active-duty P-3’s now carrying Lockheed Martin’s integrated mission system, we know these aircraft will provide Pakistan’s Navy with world-class performance,” added Udicious. “The enhanced capabilities of these P-3’s will allow Pakistan to further expand its role in both humanitarian and military operations.”

As prime contractor to the U.S. Navy’s Naval Air Systems Command, Lockheed Martin is the mission system integrator for the P-3C aircraft’s mission avionics, including surveillance sensors, acoustic sensors, weapons control, communications, survivability, displays, and controls. The P-3C weapons system is the primary maritime surveillance aircraft operated by the U.S. Navy and 17 international allies.

Headquartered in Bethesda, MD, Lockheed Martin employs more than 140,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services."

 

[falcone]

More AGM-84 Harpoon missiles for the PN:
"McDonnell Douglas Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of The Boeing Co., St. Louis, Mo., is being awarded a $15,793,630 modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price contract (N00019-06-C-0027) to exercise an option for 10 Harpoon Tactical Block II Grade B All-Up-Round (AUR) missiles and 10 MK631Canister AUR Containers for the Government of Pakistan under the Foreign Military Sales Program. [Work] is expected to be completed in February 2007. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year."

 

[Abs]

More AGM-84 Harpoon missiles for the PN:
"McDonnell Douglas Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of The Boeing Co., St. Louis, Mo., is being awarded a $15,793,630 modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price contract (N00019-06-C-0027) to exercise an option for 10 Harpoon Tactical Block II Grade B All-Up-Round (AUR) missiles and 10 MK631Canister AUR Containers for the Government of Pakistan under the Foreign Military Sales Program. [Work] is expected to be completed in February 2007. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year."

does not give much information, are these the same as the advanced 280km range, 150 AGM-84L variant that we ordered previously.

 

[falcone]

I don't know about that because this is all the report said. However, based on the report, I would think that these missiles are the surface-launched RGM-84 Harpoon missiles (the fact that "10 MK631Canister AUR Containers" are also being supplied makes it seem as if this were a surface-launched and not an air-launched variant).

 

[falcone]

Check this out:
"India plans BrahMos missile for maritime patrol Il-38s
India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is planning to arm the Indian Navy's fleet of maritime reconnaissance aircraft (MRAs) with the BrahMos PJ-10 supersonic cruise missile, which it has jointly developed with Russia, to provide the navy with "strategic relevance"."These aircraft will be able to fire [BrahMos] to engage an enemy vessel," said Chief Executive Officer of BrahMos Aerospace Dr A Sivathanu Pillai at the Aero India show on 8 February."

How would this capability compare with the Harpoon capability of the P-3Cs of the PN (other than the fact that the BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile and the AGM-84 Harpoon is a subsonic cruise missile)?

 

[Contrarian]

BrahMos has one of the best resistances to ECM's.
It cruising in Mach 3 is a huge thing, does not give much time for defence.
Its effective payload is much higher.
Simple, BrahMos as of now, assures a definite kill. Its the worlds best AsM.

 

[falcone]

Thanks for your take, malaymishra123.

 

[EagleEyes]

BrahMos has one of the best resistances to ECM's.
It cruising in Mach 3 is a huge thing, does not give much time for defence.
Its effective payload is much higher.
Simple, BrahMos as of now, assures a definite kill. Its the worlds best AsM.

I thought it was a bit too much to classify Brahmos as the worlds best ASM, so i will ask you to prove it!

 

[Contrarian]

lol, i cant find the picture i was looking for that would answer your questin webby!! It really does say it all!

Well, it is the successor to Yakhont, superior in all aspects.


Long flight range with supersonic speed all through the flight
Shorter flight times leading to lower target dispersion and quicker engagement
Varieties of flight trajectories
‘Fire and forget’ principle of operation
Higher destructive capability aided by the large kinetic energy of impact
Higher effectiveness against ship defences
Canister for transportation, storage and launch

Superiority of the BRAHMOS Supersonic Anti-ship Missile over a Subsonic Long Range Anti-ship Missile
In Velocity by 3 times
In flight range by 2.5 - 3 times
In seeker range by 3 - 4 times

A link:
http://www.brahmos.com/articles/THE%20BEST MISSILE IN THE WORLD.pdf

 

[Contrarian]

CRUISE CONTROL

The formal induction of the world's fastest supersonic cruise missle marks a quantum leap for the Indian armed forces which now have a formidable force multiplier
By Sandeep Unnithan
A naval helicopter clattering above the Arabian Sea has just picked up the target, a hostile warship off the Indian coast. It transmits the location to the destroyer INS Rajput over 100 kms away. With a deafening roar, a missile blasts off the deck of the warship and streaks across the sea at nearly thrice the speed of sound. Dropping down to a few metres above the waves it sniffs its quarry using an onboard radar. When the nine-metre-long, three tonne missle hits the target, it sets off a 200-kg warhead, cleaving it and sending both halves to the seabed. It has taken the BrahMos, the world's fastest supersonic cruise missile, a little less than five minutes to seek and smash its target.

When bewildered naval brass and scientists later overflew the scene in a helicopter, there was only flotsam. "It was like arriving at the aftermath of a battle," recalls Dr A. Sivathanu Pillai, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of the Brahmos Aerospace Private Limited (BAPL).

The 10th and final test of the missile last fortnight (mid-April), the first of a combat prototype (with a live warhead), heralded the formal induction of the missile less than four years after its first trial. It marks a quantum leap for the armed forces which are acquiring a formidable force multiplier. Cruise missiles are like kamikaze aircraft which are piloted by an onboard computer using pre-fed co-ordinates and guided by satellites. Unlike ballistic missiles which exit the atmosphere vertically and re-enter to free fall on their targets, cruise missiles follow a flat trajectory and "cruise" on their own power to the target.

While ballistic missiles like Prithvi and Agni are like hammers, the BrahMos is like a surgeon's scalpel. Deadly accurate—officials boast it can fly into a football goal post 300 kms (180 miles) away—it can be used to mount high speed precision strikes against an array of surface targets ranging from warships to bunkers, airfields, command posts and infrastructure facilities.

Because the BrahMos is a universal missile—it can be launched from multi-dimensional platforms like aircraft, warships, submarines, trucks and land-based silos—it can be used by all three armed forces. This enables standardisation and mass production, which result not only in significant cost savings but also quality control on the missiles produced in batches.

Mass production of the missile has commenced and the company expects to supply the Indian armed forces with 1000 missiles by 2015. BrahMos officials are cagey about revealing the cost of the missile. Defence analysts say it is roughly Rs 10,00,00,000 ($2.3 million USD) per missile.

The BrahMos will equip all major Indian naval warships like the three under-contruction Project 15A destroyers and Project 17 frigates and will be retrofitted on one existing warship each year. "The missile's sheer speed means it can inflict heavy damage on targets and renders itself immune to all known countermeasures," says a senior naval officer. "Besides, it can replace at least three imported missile types currently being used by the navy." Any guesses which ones??

A test for the army's variant in Pokhran last December, equipped with special image processing software to fly over land, saw the missile search and destroy a 50-cm-thick concrete bunker with pinpoint precision. Last week in Hyderabad, the army raised and began training its first core group to man the missile which it will induct by 2007. Around this time, the air force variant, lighter by one tonne, will begin trials to equip specially modified Su-30MKI fighter-bombers which will carry up to three missiles each.

In the crowded missile menagerie, supersonic cruise missiles are extremely rare birds, a technology perfected only by Russia. (China operates the bulky Russian-supplied first generation supersonic Moskit missile). Western supersonic cruise missiles are still in the development stage—most missiles like the Harpoon and Tomahawk are powered by solid rocket fuel or turbojet engines and trundle along at subsonic speeds. The BrahMos, however, flies at the speed of a 7.62-mm rifle bullet, thanks to a liquid kerosene ramjet engine. A solid first stage or booster blasts the missile to supersonic speeds and then drops off. At this point the second stage "rams" the air in through a nose-mounted intake and mixes it with liquid kerosene in a combustion chamber and uses the explosive mixture to fuel its supersonic flight.

The missile can hit targets 300 kms (186 miles) away, roughly the distance between Boston and New York, in just five minutes. Reason why its makers think it is unstoppable. "It penetrates enemy defences using brute speed," says Pillai.

BUZZ ON BRAHMOS
Flies at nearly three times the speed of sound, the speed of a rifle bullet, and has a range of 300 kms (186 miles).Nearly impossible to intercept. High kinetic energy due to speed also means missile can cause tremendous damage to target.The same missile with minor modifications can be used by the army, navy and air force.Can be fired from ships, submarines, aircraft and trucks.
The BrahMos can trace its DNA to the fearsome P-700 Granit (granite) missile, a 550-km Cold War Soviet missile which armed the doomed submarine Kursk, almost exclusively desinged to kill American aircraft carriers. When it was presented by the cash-strapped Russians in its shofter-legged, MTCR-friendly incarnation as the Yakhont in the world missile market in the mid-1990's, it was seized by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) which suggested joint funding and development. (Missile Technology Control Regime or MTCR prohibits sale of missiles with a range of over 300 kms or 186 miles). It emerged as the BrahMos (a composite of the Brahmaputra and Moscow rivers), a consortium jointly funded by the two countries and involving inputs from 10 Russian and 20 Indian public and private sector enterprises, including Larsen & Toubro and Godrej.

While the revolutionary kerosene ramjet propulsion system is still wholly Russian, the inertial navigation system which steers the missile, launchers and fire control systems are of Indian origin. Technology developed for the missile has helped improve the accuracy of the Prithvi and Agni missiles.

Now BAPL wants to use the missile to penetrate the West-dominated global cruise missile market. "This is the first Indian defence product with extremely bright export prospects," says Pillai. He will not confirm this but countries like Malaysia and South Africa have shown interest in buying the missile. Meanwhile, BAPL is contemplating a BrahMos-2, capable of flying up to Mach 8, to ensure its supersonic product retains its speed lead well into the future.

 

[Contrarian]

The Brahmos Punch (http://www.indiadefence.com/brahmospunch.htm)

The formal induction of the BrahMos missile in Indian Navy service is imminent.

BrahMos Induction

The Indian Navy is all set to formally induct the Indo-Russian BrahMos supersonic Anti-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM) adding a new and fearsome dimension to its capabilities. The successful tenth and final test of the missile, was fired from Guided-Missile Destroyer (DDG) INS Rajput, acting as a test bed, involved a combat prototype with a live warhead and marked the imminent formal induction of the missile –– less than four years after its first trial. BrahMos is destined to be a "tri-service" missile to be fired from surface ships, submarines, airborne platforms, trucks and land-based silos. Mass production of the missile has commenced and the company expects to supply the Indian armed forces with 1,000 missiles by 2015.

The BrahMos is destined to equip all future major Indian naval warships –– the three Project 15A Bangalore class guided missile armed helicopter carrying Destroyers (DDGH) and Project 17 Shivalik class guided missile armed helicopter carrying Frigates (FFGH) –– and will be retrofitted on one existing warship each year. (It may also be a prudent move to enable the Bangalore class DDGH to operate maritime Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) from the aft flight deck for reconnaissance and targeting purposes.) The BrahMos promises enormous destructive potential in littoral warfare operations in the Persian Gulf area or in waterways of South-East Asia, near the coastline or in narrow "choke-points", where the movements of enemy surface combatants are predictable and easily locatable. The BrahMos also presents itself as a formidable tool for enforcing a naval blockade.

BrahMos Technology

The BrahMos ASCM is a joint venture between Indian DRDO and Russian NPO Mashinostroyeniya (NPO Mash). BrahMos inherits a low Radar Cross Section (RCS) with an Active Radar Homing (ARH) seeker to facilitate fire-and-forget launch. Varieties of flight trajectories including sea-skimming or terminal pop-up followed by a deadly dive, complicate the task of the adversary. Mid-course guidance is inertial, developed and refined by Indian scientists. A 290-km long flight range with high supersonic (Mach 2.8) speed will lead to lower target dispersion and quicker engagement and higher destructive capability aided by the large kinetic energy of impact. In most of the cases the target warship will be denied sufficient time to react even if alerted. The missile appears to have been developed to defeat the increasing sophistication of ship-based defences comprising of longer-ranged and enhanced flexible phased-array radars in combination with point-defence missile systems, "closed-loop" Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS) and smart decoys.

The BrahMos will turn out to be an even more deadly ASCM if the Indian software designers have by now matured the already formidable guidance system of the BrahMos predecessor SS-N-26 Yakhont which has accumulated all the NPO Mash experience in developing electronic systems of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus in case of a salvo launch a flock of BrahMos will be able to allocate and range targets by their importance and choose the attack implementation plan. The independent control system will take care of the Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) and Electronic Counter-Counter Measures (ECCM) data, and also the methods of evading the fire of the enemy's air defense systems. After destroying the main target in a CVBG or surface action group, the remaining missiles will destroy the other ships eliminating in the process the possibility of using two missiles on single target.

Air Launched BrahMos

It was announced that the air-launched version to be developed would have a smaller booster and additional tail fins for stability during launch. Surprisingly, "without prior notice" as part of Alfa next-generation airborne reconnaissance and strike system, NPO Mash unveiled the Yakhont-M air-launched supersonic ASCM at the MAKS 2003 air show, which share elements with the Indo-Russian PJ-10 BrahMos. The Yakhont-M is an air-launched ASCM intended for Sukhoi-30 multi-role fighters, Sukhoi-34 and Sukhoi-24M strike fighters with multi-sensor guidance, to engage surface ships and ground targets at up to 300-km. Reconnaissance and target acquisition would be provided by radar and electro-optical equipped Kondor low-Earth-orbit satellites. The Indian Air Force (IAF) Sukhoi-30MKIs will be capable of carrying three air-launched BrahMos each while the Indian Navy (IN) Long Range Maritime Patrol (LRMP) platforms will be armed with the missile. The missile is also slated to arm the Tupolev-22M3 ‘Backfire-C’ reconnaissance bomber if it enters IN service. The point of interest lies whether the missile can be accommodated in the internal rotary launchers of the reconnaissance bombers ensuring carriage in multiples and facilitating decent aerodynamic performance.

The Strategic BrahMos

While national media have reported a hypersonic Mach 8 variant of BrahMos to be developed in future, the Western defence media circles are anticipating a sub-sonic or transonic (near the speed of sound) Land Attack Cruise Missile (LACM) variant with an estimated range of 800-km to 1,400-km. In any case a Mach 8 variant of BrahMos will indicate a major technological breakthrough by the Russians in the context of the propulsion components of solid booster and liquid kerosene ramjet engine.

For their part, Indian scientists have for at least a decade, been working on solid-state lasers for use as super-high-speed ignition systems to arm missiles, although their present status is a closely guarded secret. A Mach 8 passive radiation homing BrahMos-2 if developed, will fulfil an Indian Navy requirement of a formidable Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD) LACM and also pose a deadly threat to enemy warships sporting elaborate air defence radar systems like the "AEGIS type" vessels under construction for the Chinese People Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

The quest for a Brahmos LACM variant was hinted at in a test at Pokhran during December 2004, the missile being equipped with special image processing software for terminal homing. Although not officially stated, it could well be a Digital Scene Matching Area Correlator (DSMAC) variant, which uses a zoom lens to collect images and matches them with the snaps of the approach to the target stored in the memory, to conduct precision strikes against an array of enemy counter-force and counter-value targets ranging from airfields to overland communications, command and control centres and powerful air defence installations.

The United States Navy for their part has repeatedly demonstrated this concept in the past two decades over Middle East and Balkans with considerable success. It is one of the prime reasons for early accomplishments in operations and low US and allied casualties. During the Pokhran test BrahMos searched, located and destroyed a 50-cm thick concrete bunker with pinpoint accuracy. The Indian Army in anticipation of inducting the missile by 2007 has raised and begun training its first core group to man the cruise missile.

Guidance Systems

It is now an open secret that for mid-course guidance the Indians are working hard at enhancing and refining the Inertial Navigation System (INS) with possible Israeli assistance that keeps track of the smallest change in velocity of the missile from its launch. In fact, if the warhead is nuclear tipped to cause wide-area destruction, the degree of accuracy delivered by INS is sufficient. Indians are believed to have obtained gyroscopes and other related items from European nations and are said to have successfully reverse-engineered them.

A Global Positioning System (GPS) has also been made to complement the navigational data computed by INS. GPS is based on an array of low-earth NAVSTAR (NAVigation Satellite Targeting & Ranging) satellites. Computers onboard the missile, communicate with the satellites to accurately determine their instantaneous location. GPS mode enjoy few decisive advantages over the alternative Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) system as TERCOM is somewhat less effective on say the flat deserts surfaces where the average height of terrain does not vary over long stretches for proper identification. However the US monopoly over NAVSTAR satellites means signals can be "degraded for other users" by United States at their will. India thus should involve itself with the rapidly expanding Russian GLONASS GPS project or other suitable alternatives in terms of scientific collaboration or financial resource sharing.

 

[Contrarian]

BrahMos PJ-10
Country: India
Class: S/Su/L/ALCM
Target: Land, Ship
Length: 9.00 m
Diameter: 0.67 m
Launch Weight: 3900.00 kg
Payload: 200 kg HE
Propulsion: Ramjet w/ solid booster
Range: 300.00 km
Guidance: INS, GPS, active and passive radar
Status: Development
Details

The BrahMos PJ-10 is a short-range, ramjet powered, single warhead, supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed and manufactured by India and Russia. Ship-, air-, ground-, and submarine-launched versions exist. It is currently among the most formidable cruise missiles in development. The BrahMos, which derives its name from the Brahmaputra and Moscow rivers in India and Russia, is based on the earlier Russian design for the SS-N-26 (3M55 Oniks) cruise missile. In 1998, a joint venture was set up between the Indian Defense Ministry's Defense Research and Development Organization and Russia's Mashinostroyeniye Company. The two entities formed a company now known as Brahmos Aerospace, which would develop and manufacture the BrahMos PJ-10. Sources indicate that by 2006 India and Russia had already invested $300 million in the company. As an anti-ship missile, the BrahMos PJ-10 is distinguished by its reported supersonic speed of Mach 2.8, approximately one kilometer per second. In addition to making it difficult to intercept, this speed also imparts a greater strike power. In comparison, the U.S. RGM/UGM-109 "Tomahawk" cruise missile, which has been used successfully in both Iraq and Afghanistan, operates at a subsonic speed of less than Mach 1.0. Most other anti-ship missiles fly at subsonic speeds as well. In addition, the BrahMos is equipped with stealth technology designed to make it less visible to radar and other detection methods. The missile also has a high level of accuracy, which has been established by recent test flights as close to zero circular error probability (CEP). The missile operates on the "fire and forget" principle, meaning that once it has been launched, it will correctly strike its target without requiring any assistance. It has an inertial navigation system (INS) for use against ship targets, and an INS/Global Positioning System for use against land targets. Terminal guidance is achieved through an active/passive radar. The BrahMos is designed to attack surface targets at altitudes as low as 10 m. The ship-, ground-, and air-launched versions have a range of 300 km, while the air-launched version has a range of 500 km. The missile is powered by a solid propellant boost motor with a ramjet sustainer motor. It is 9.0 m in length, has a body diameter of 0.67 m, and has a launch weight of 3,900 kg. It has four clipped tip delta wings at mid-body, with four small delta control fins at the rear. The BrahMos carries a 200 kg payload, either high explosive semi-armor piercing or submunitions. The first flight test of the BrahMos PJ-10 took place in June 2001. Initial production was scheduled to begin in 2004. In September 2006, BrahMos Aerospace CEO A. Sivathanu Pillai stated that production was complete, and that the missile was being integrated with the Su-30MKI fighter. Sources indicate that Russia and India plan to export the BrahMos to a host of Third World countries, possibly to offset U.S. military capabilities. In 2006, reports indicated that Russia and India plan to manufacture 1,000 BrahMos missiles over the next 10 years through their joint venture company. Of these 1,000 missiles, nearly 50 percent will be exported to client states.Duncan Lennox, ed., Jane's Strategic Weapons Systems 45 (Surrey: Jane's Information Group, July 2006), pp. 58-59; BrahMos Official Website, available at http://www.brahmos.com, accessed on November 8, 2006; GlobalSecurity.org, "PJ-10 BrahMos," available at http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/brahmos.htm, accessed on August 1, 2006; Rahul Bedi, "India and Russia strengthen defence ties," Jane's Defence Weekly, December 14, 2005; "India, Russia talk Brahmos," Jane's Navy International, January 1, 2006; "India and Russia commit funds to air-launched BrahMos," Jane's Missiles and Rockets, February 1, 2006; Bill Sweetman, "BrahMos set for air launch," Jane's Defence Weekly, March 8, 2006; PTI News Agency, July 22, 2006; Rahul Bedi, "BrahMos set for Su-30MKI fit," Jane's Defence Weekly, September 6, 2006.
http://missilethreat.com/cruise/id.18/cruise_detail.asp