As a political unit it is federation of four [five] provinces and the name Pakistan itself is derived from the acronym of those provinces which are each clustered around a ethnic group.
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The acronym 'PAKSTAN' was coined by Rehmat Ali in 1933 in his pamphlet 'NOW or NEVER'.
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Now that covers the political frame of the state. At a geographic and historical level Pakistan is the latest appellation of the Indus Basin geography which has unbroken history going back to 7,000 years. This is the land that gave birth to name India. Indeed at dawn of history 'India' was the Indus Basin analogous to Pakistan. A good example is Alexnder's invasion of India. He never went to the India we know today and neither did he fight West Indians because both meanings as they are understood today dod not exist. It is the false use of two names on a historical continuum to give a incorrect rendering of facts. It is much like Romani Gyspies claming ancient Roman Empire was something to do with them and NOT the Italians because Italy did not exist then.
Indus River is almost 96% in Pakistan with tiny sliver in disputed J & K and another sliver in China. As much as Nile is to Egypt, Indus is to Pakistan - actually more because Egypt does not cover more than even 50% of nile with rest being in Sudan, Ethopia, Uganda etc.
Indians as are understood today ae a composite of Gangus of the Ganga basin and Aboriginal Dravids of the south with some admixture from our lands.