Pakistan to export nuclear reactors?

[Tiger Awan]

In 1974, PARR-II Reactor were commissioned, and its project directors were Munir Ahmad Khan and Hafeez Qureshi. The PARR-II is an indigenous reactor that was built under the auspices of PAEC's engineers and scientists.

In 1977, due to pressure exerted by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, the CEA cancelled the projects with PAEC immediately. Without the assistance of United Kingdom and France, the PAEC engineers completed the plutonium nuclear reprocessing plant — New Labs — and the plutonium reactor — Khushab Nuclear Complex. Both power plants are commercial power plants control by PAEC.

The goal is to produce 8800 MW electricity by the 2030. Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announced the Pakistan national energy policy in 2010 while the feasibility report was submitted in Prime Minister's Secretariat — the official residence of prime minister of Pakistan. The PAEC are currently planning to lead the construction of KANUPP-II nuclear power plant — a 1100 MWe power plant — and the KANUPP-III — 1100 MWe. While the commercial plants will be indigenously built, the preliminary work is put on hold as of 2009. In 2010, the Nuclear Power Fuel Complex (PNPFC) — a nuclear reprocessing power plant — was commissioned. PAEC led the construction, designing, and maintenance of the facility, while China and IAEA provided funds to the facility. On 26 November 2013 prime minister Nawaz Sharif performed groundbreaking ceremony for two nuclear power plants with a combined capacity of 2200 MW near Karachi.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan

PARR-II is 30 KW (peaks at 87 KW) Research Reactor made for the students of PIEAS (it never goes critical)
Fuel reprocessing plants are for military purpose only in Pakistan

Khushab Nuclear Complex has production reaction, production reactors make Plutonium from Uranium, they dont generate electricity

Pakistan is years away from producing a Nuclear Power Plant and the constraints are both financial and technological. All the Nuclear plants that produce electricity are from China (and one from Canada but it will be decommissioned soon)

 

[dilpakistani]

the infra we have is not adequate ... we are importing reactors from china for our need...that sums it up.

 

[Pax Ottomana]

Thanks for your answers guys.

This made me sad as a Turk. Pakistan had a lucky head-start in the nuclear technology field and now has a golden opportunity to capitalize on it by exporting commercial services to the rest of the Islamic world (starting with Turkey and S.A.) and beyond. It doesn't need the be the cutting edge stuff so long as it's cost-effective and a good value for the customer. It also doesn't have to be reactors and complete powerplants in the beginning. It can start with academic training programs, certification, it can sell uranium, heavy water, fuel rods, canisters, reactor parts, buy back spent fuel for recycling, offer safe storage services, sky's the limit.

What exactltly is holding Pakistan back from joining the IAEA, NSG, NPT, ant whatever other relevant organization is necessary to join to make it possible to become active commercially?

Why not partner up with China? With Canada? With Russia? Why not incorporate joint companies with theirs and gain from experience to one day go fully independent?

Turkey's spending $22+ billion on the Akuyu NPP, a lot of which is going to Russia. We would've really liked it if at least some of that went to Pakistan, even as subcontractors.

 

[Indus Pakistan]

This made me sad as a Turk

That is a very touching comment. As regards Pakistan most of the indigenous nuclear infra is geared to making nuclear weapons but I am certain that it can be evolved over time to benefit civilian use. Like most military technologies they always have civilian spin off so I am sure over time Pakistan will benefit from this. It was most fortunate for Pakistan that she wwent down the nuclear path way back in early 1970s.

The best is it has created a large talent pool of growing numbers of nuclear physicists and allied sciences. That is precious human resource base at PAEC which was set up in 1960s.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Commission

 

[Rangila]

You need to be a full member of NSG to export civilian nuclear reactors/materials/spare parts and sundry equipment legally.

Wrong assumption.

India has 2008 "clean waiver" from other countries to export/Import above mentioned items.

NPCIL is offering both 220 and 540 MWe PHWRs for export, in markets requiring small- to medium-sized reactors.

In September 2009 the AEC announced a version of its planned Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (the AHWR-300 LEU) designed for export.

Mumbai-based Walchandnagar Industries Limited aims to build a factory in Gujarat in joint venture with Atomenergomash OJSC in line with a 2010 agreement to build nuclear power equipment for both Indian and export markets.

Areva signed an agreement with Bharat Forge Ltd in January 2009 to set up a joint venture in casting and forging nuclear components for both export and the domestic market, by 2012.

Some $16 million worth of heavy water was exported to USA and France in 2013-14.

In 2009 the AEC also announced an export version of the AHWR, the AHWR300-LEU. This will use low-enriched uranium plus thorium (Th-LEU MOX) as a fuel, dispensing with the plutonium input.

The US Department of Commerce, the UK and Canada relaxed controls on export of technology to India, though staying within the Nuclear Suppliers Group guidelines. The French government said it would seek a nuclear cooperation agreement, and Canada agreed to "pursue further opportunities for the development of the peaceful uses of atomic energy" with India.

 

[neem456]

Importing itself from the nuclear power countries is a herculean task for a country like pakistan,
Export is not even in discussion.

 

[The Accountant]

In 1974, PARR-II Reactor were commissioned, and its project directors were Munir Ahmad Khan and Hafeez Qureshi. The PARR-II is an indigenous reactor that was built under the auspices of PAEC's engineers and scientists.

In 1977, due to pressure exerted by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, the CEA cancelled the projects with PAEC immediately. Without the assistance of United Kingdom and France, the PAEC engineers completed the plutonium nuclear reprocessing plant — New Labs — and the plutonium reactor — Khushab Nuclear Complex. Both power plants are commercial power plants control by PAEC.

The goal is to produce 8800 MW electricity by the 2030. Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announced the Pakistan national energy policy in 2010 while the feasibility report was submitted in Prime Minister's Secretariat — the official residence of prime minister of Pakistan. The PAEC are currently planning to lead the construction of KANUPP-II nuclear power plant — a 1100 MWe power plant — and the KANUPP-III — 1100 MWe. While the commercial plants will be indigenously built, the preliminary work is put on hold as of 2009. In 2010, the Nuclear Power Fuel Complex (PNPFC) — a nuclear reprocessing power plant — was commissioned. PAEC led the construction, designing, and maintenance of the facility, while China and IAEA provided funds to the facility. On 26 November 2013 prime minister Nawaz Sharif performed groundbreaking ceremony for two nuclear power plants with a combined capacity of 2200 MW near Karachi.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan

PARR was a research reactor and efficiency was low ... furthermore it was not completely indegenous as we received alot of tech from other countries ...

In short Pakistan cannot give end to end solution for commercial nuclear reactors ... and we have also not tried to as RnD of few techs is too expensive and complicated in comparison to buying it from current suppliers ...

 

[Sloth 22]

Wrong assumption.

India has 2008 "clean waiver" from other countries to export/Import above mentioned items.

And soon 700MW Reactor too.

 

[khakhi_chaddi]

Not able to export textiles and losing market share. And thinking about exporting nuclear reactors.

 

[Valar Dohaeris]

In 1974, PARR-II Reactor were commissioned, and its project directors were Munir Ahmad Khan and Hafeez Qureshi. The PARR-II is an indigenous reactor that was built under the auspices of PAEC's engineers and scientists.

In 1977, due to pressure exerted by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, the CEA cancelled the projects with PAEC immediately. Without the assistance of United Kingdom and France, the PAEC engineers completed the plutonium nuclear reprocessing plant — New Labs — and the plutonium reactor — Khushab Nuclear Complex. Both power plants are commercial power plants control by PAEC.

The goal is to produce 8800 MW electricity by the 2030. Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announced the Pakistan national energy policy in 2010 while the feasibility report was submitted in Prime Minister's Secretariat — the official residence of prime minister of Pakistan. The PAEC are currently planning to lead the construction of KANUPP-II nuclear power plant — a 1100 MWe power plant — and the KANUPP-III — 1100 MWe. While the commercial plants will be indigenously built, the preliminary work is put on hold as of 2009. In 2010, the Nuclear Power Fuel Complex (PNPFC) — a nuclear reprocessing power plant — was commissioned. PAEC led the construction, designing, and maintenance of the facility, while China and IAEA provided funds to the facility. On 26 November 2013 prime minister Nawaz Sharif performed groundbreaking ceremony for two nuclear power plants with a combined capacity of 2200 MW near Karachi.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan

PARR-2 is not an indigenous reactor. It was gotten from China (though many of its control and instrumentation has been done indigenously by PIEASians and other PAEC engrs and scientists). Even if it had been an indigenous reactor, there is nothing similar between a Miniature Research reactor and a power reactor. Work is already underway for an indigenously built research reactor for PIEAS, but it will not help getting any closer to a real PWR manufacturing.

Now having said that, the constraints towards achieving an indigenous nuclear power reactor are economical not techincal as PAEC has completed most of ths R&D regarding the reactors. It is roughly a project of 6 billions PKR. As for our civillian needs the project is not necessary as after K2 and K3 and than C5 and M1, Pakistan will have a sufficient nuclear energy for its needs. We will not be able export our reactors at least for next 30 years as market is already controlled by suppliers who have an extensive expirience in the field. And they are also bringing 3rd and 4th gen reactors in the market.
So practiaclly speaking, IMO the project is not financially feasible at present for Pakistan.

 

[v9s]

Not able to export textiles and losing market share. And thinking about exporting nuclear reactors.

Dude, why do you suffer from such an enormous inferiority complex?

To assuage your bruised ego, I, a Pakistani, am telling you that you're way better in many fields than us - yes, even nuclear tech.

 

[Shotgunner51]

The market is monopolised by Russia, France, China Japan, South Korea. India makes its own but can not export it in this very competitive market.. Pakistan was working on naval nuclear reactor, that all what came in the news a while ago, so Pakistan is not in this market of a 300/600/1000 KWe power plants..

You are right right there aren't many firms in this sector historically speaking, even fewer in G-III (see below chart) which is current gen, and fewer in G-IV or next gen.

On international market, now Toshiba-Westinghouse leads with AP1000 (mostly used in US, China), South Korea is building APR1400 in UAE, Areva runs into serious trouble with EPR in Finland now has been bailed out by the French government (through EDF), now inviting several global nuclear powerhouses (CNNC, Misubishi Heavy Industries, Japan Nuclear Fuel) to invest into the company. Other than AP1000 China is building Hualong One at home and for exports market.

​

Despite only few firms in the market, Candu is fading out, Areva is a case study on high business risk. An important note, this business is also extremely demanding on a complex of heavy industries, say reactor shell and other heavy forged components. Looking ahead, Toshiba-Westinghouse, Hitachi-GE alliance, Mitsubishi, KHNP and Russia are expected to remain active, in my opinion Pakistan can form industrial alliance with CGN/CNNC on G-III and prepare for next gen reactor techs, say HTCR.

https://defence.pk/threads/chinas-overseas-nuclear-projects.449513/#post-8990518
https://defence.pk/threads/china-starts-up-first-fourth-generation-nuclear-reactor.66536/
https://defence.pk/threads/china-signs-15-billion-nuclear-deal-with-argentina—reuter.408597/
https://defence.pk/threads/hualong-one-selected-for-argentina.358881/
http://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsfinlands-tvo-seeks-clarification-from-areva-5684135
http://www.foundry-planet.com/equip...stake/?cHash=28937030d046d4523a5dde858d331cc0
https://antinuclear.net/2016/12/01/...nd-areva-in-a-deepening-safety-and-cost-mess/
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/20...eavy-japan-nuclear-fuel-invest-frances-areva/
http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20161208/p2g/00m/0bu/067000c
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-areva-restructuring-idUSKBN13I1H2
http://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/advanced-nuclear-power-reactors.aspx

 

[EpiiC]

You are right right there aren't many firms in this sector historically speaking, even fewer in G-III (see below chart) which is current gen, and fewer in G-IV or next gen.

On international market, now Toshiba-Westinghouse leads with AP1000 (mostly used in US, China), South Korea is building APR1400 in UAE, Areva runs into serious trouble with EPR in Finland now has been bailed out by the French government (through EDF), now inviting several global nuclear powerhouses (CNNC, Misubishi Heavy Industries, Japan Nuclear Fuel) to invest into the company. Other than AP1000 China is building Hualong One at home and for exports market.

View attachment 370668
​

Despite only few firms in the market, Candu is fading out, Areva is a case study on high business risk. An important note, this business is also extremely demanding on a complex of heavy industries, say reactor shell and other heavy forged components. Looking ahead, Toshiba-Westinghouse, Hitachi-GE alliance, Mitsubishi, KHNP and Russia are expected to remain active, in my opinion Pakistan can form industrial alliance with CGN/CNNC on G-III and prepare for next gen reactor techs, say HTCR.

https://defence.pk/threads/chinas-overseas-nuclear-projects.449513/#post-8990518
https://defence.pk/threads/china-starts-up-first-fourth-generation-nuclear-reactor.66536/
https://defence.pk/threads/china-signs-15-billion-nuclear-deal-with-argentina—reuter.408597/
https://defence.pk/threads/hualong-one-selected-for-argentina.358881/
http://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsfinlands-tvo-seeks-clarification-from-areva-5684135
http://www.foundry-planet.com/equip...stake/?cHash=28937030d046d4523a5dde858d331cc0
https://antinuclear.net/2016/12/01/...nd-areva-in-a-deepening-safety-and-cost-mess/
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/20...eavy-japan-nuclear-fuel-invest-frances-areva/
http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20161208/p2g/00m/0bu/067000c
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-areva-restructuring-idUSKBN13I1H2
http://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-power-reactors/advanced-nuclear-power-reactors.aspx

Which are the best nuclear reactors today in your opinion? I think Frances 1650mw reactor, Koreas 1400mw reactor.....

 

[Shotgunner51]

Which are the best nuclear reactors today in your opinion? I think Frances 1650mw reactor, Koreas 1400mw reactor.....

Hualong One is the best, excuse my patriotism my friend! Well in my true opinion first I will eliminate Areva-EPR cos the results in Finland and France are obviously self-explanatory, then AP1000 (Toshiba-Westinghouse) for delays in China/US are also quite annoying, APR1400 (KHNP) seems so far so good in UAE. Still the best choice is Hualong One (CGN) which is the latest tech, and has already been implemented smoothly in China, I do believe such successful implementation can be replicated in new markets.

 

[My-Analogous]

This is very unlikely that Pakistan will be able to export nuclear reactors anytime soon. Though the research is going on civilian programs, also as far as I've heard, emphasis is going on completely separating the civilian programs from military programs. So, even if the export is unlikely, but Pakistan will start producing reactors for ourselves Inshaallah.

Well guys we can produce our own reactors but the capacity is very limited and we need funds for these projects to enhance our capacity. Our reactor name is PARR-2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Atomic_Research_Reactor