Pakistan Space and Satellite Developments

[Interceptor]

BADR-1 satellite was launched on 16 July 1990, from a Chinese launcher, the Long March 2E (LM-2E).

Project Objectives

*

To acquire know-how for indigenous development of satellites to create infrastructure for future satellite development activities
*

To test the performance of indigenously developed satellite subsystems in space environment
*

To perform experiments in real-time voice and data communications between two user ground stations
*

To demonstrate store-and-forward type message communication
*

To educate the country’s academic, scientific and amateur community in the tracking and use of low-earth-orbiting satellites



Webby the SUPARCO site is useless, ill find a better source.

 

[Interceptor]

BADR-B

Pakistan’s second satellite BADR-B was launched on 10 Dec 2001 at 9:15 a.m from Baikonour Cosmodrome, Kazakistan. The Zenit-2 rocket carried it into a 1018 Km sun-synchronous circular orbit with an orbital period of 105 minutes and inclination of 99.64 degrees.

Project Objectives

* Developing low cost satellites and creating necessary infrastructure for future development of larger satellites
* Acquisition of know-how and capability in the fields of satellite attitude control and stabilisation
* Acquire know-how and technology for earth imaging by use of CCD sensors
* Encourage and stimulate interest of the country’s academic and scientific community in the peaceful uses of space
* Forging of closer links with counterpart agencies/organisations in other countries

Specifications

*

Satellite Dimension
* 510mm x 510mm x 465mm


Satellite Mass
*~70kg

Lifetime
*More than 2 years

Communication
*Gravity gradient

Thermal control
*Passive

Payloads: CCD cameras, Compact Dosimeter, End of Charge Detector and Store & Forward Experiment (SAFE)


Ground Segment



Telemetry, Tracking & Command Station (TT & C) and Mission Control Centre (MCC)



Artist's concept of Badr-B

Configuration

The satellite structure was made of space qualified aluminum T-6 alloy. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) solar arrays were used to provide power during the sunlit periods and Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries during the eclipse periods. Earth pointing single axis stabilization was achieved by use of a 6 m gravity gradient boom with a trip mass of 4kg.

http://www.suparco.gov.pk/badar.asp

 

[Interceptor]

Pakistan's tiny Badr-1 Amateur Radio satellite was the first indigenously made satellite of the Muslim world.

Aren't we always proud to point out how radio amateurs have pushed the state of the art in electronics around the globe? Here's yet another example that happened 13 years ago this month. The story is little known outside South Asia.

A number of engineers in Pakistan at the government's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) are hams. SUPARCO is at the University of the Punjab at Lahore, a prominent border city in eastern Pakistan not far from Delhi, India, and at the Arabian Sea port of Karachi in southern Pakistan. The commission had been firing small rockets on suborbital science flights from launch pads at its Maini Beach flight-range, 36 miles west of Karachi.

Several SUPARCO personnel completed master's degrees in engineering at England's University of Surrey--the institution that built and operated numerous small satellites such as the UO-9, UO-11 and UO-22 hamsats. While at Surrey, the SUPARCO folks worked on UoSAT projects.

When the engineering students returned to Karachi and Lahore, they built ground stations and took part in digital communications experiments with UO-9 and UO-11. That led to the idea of building their own satellite.

The Badr-1 or Badr-A satellite.

With support from the Pakistan Amateur Radio Society, engineers who were hams at SUPARCO in Lahore began building a small hamsat during the last half of 1986. They used knowledge they'd gained at the University of Surrey to build it, and they called their new satellite Badr, after the Urdu word for "new moon."

The 150-pound Badr-1 (or Badr-A) was the first indigenously made satellite of the Muslim world.

Badr-1 was to have been ferried into space aboard a US space shuttle, but that plan changed after the 1986 Challenger explosion delayed further US shuttle flights. China subsequently agreed to launch Badr-1 on one of its Long March rockets.

Four pre-launch ground tests were successful. In 1989, Pakistan registered the planned satellite with the International Frequency Registration Bureau. The spacecraft was shipped to China's Xichang Launch Center in 1990.

Badr-1 during construction testing. [Small Satellites Home Page]

The tiny spacecraft was launched as a secondary payload on a Chinese Long March 2E rocket from the Xichang Launch Center on July 16, 1990. The primary payload was Australia's AUSSAT-B satellite. Originally designed for a circular orbit at 250-300 miles altitude, Badr-1 actually was inserted by the Long March rocket into an elliptical orbit of 127-615 miles.

One of eight hamsats sent aloft in 1990 around the world, Badr-1 circled the globe every 96 minutes, passing over Pakistan for 15 minutes three to four times a day.

A polyhedron with 26 surfaces or facets, the Pakistani satellite was some 20 inches in diameter. It resembled the US NUsat launched from an American shuttle in 1985, but Badr-1 housed digital communications gear modeled after the radio system aboard the UK's UO-11 satellite, launched in 1984.

Badr-1 offered one radio channel for digital store-and-forward communications. A transponder uplink was near 435 MHz, and the downlink was near 145 MHz. The telemetry beacon was near 145 MHz. Data from 32 telemetry channels--including information from 9 temperature sensors, 16 current sensors, and 5 voltage sensors--was stored in an 8k memory bank and transmitted at 1200, 600, 300 and 150 baud.

The launch of Badr-1 or Badr-A [SUPARCO Photo]

Badr-1 gave the Pakistani academic, scientific and Amateur community experience in telemetry, tracking, control and real-time voice and data communications as the satellite successfully completed store and dump message tests for five weeks, until contact with the spacecraft was lost on August 20, 1990. Unfortunately, its orbit was so low that Badr-1 could not sustain itself in space more than 146 days. It burned up in Earth's atmosphere on December 9, 1990.

SUPARCO engineers later built a second satellite, Badr-2 or Badr-B, which did not contain an Amateur Radio payload. It was more sophisticated than Badr-l, with a CCD camera for pictures of Earth and a system that allowed ground stations to change the satellite's direction in space.

The Badr-2 or Badr-B satellite [Gunter Dirk Krebs]

Eleven years after Badr-1, Pakistan's second satellite, Badr-2, was launched on December 10, 2001. It was carried to space by a Zenit-2 rocket from Russia's Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Satellites from other countries that flew alongside Badr-2 on the Zenit booster were Meteor-3M 1, Kompass, Maroc-Tubsat and Reflector.

Now, the South Asian nation's engineers are designing a large geostationary communications satellite. Someday it may carry 4800 long-distance telephone circuits, 2400 rural channels, and two direct-to-home television broadcast channels in the 14/11 GHz band.

About the author: ARRL Life Member Anthony R. "Tony" Curtis, K3RXK, wrote about OSCAR 6 in October 2002 QST and VUCC in February 2003 QST. Originally licensed in 1954 as W8TIZ, Curtis lives in Laurinburg, North Carolina. He has written 72 books about space, astronomy, computers and electronics and is editor of Space Today Online. Curtis is a full professor in the Mass Communication Department at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. Reader


The Badr-1 or Badr-A satellite.


Badr-1 during construction testing.


The launch of Badr-1 or Badr-A


The Badr-2 or Badr-B satellite [Gunter Dirk Krebs]

http://www2.arrl.org/news/features/2003/07/10/1/

 

[EagleEyes]

Keep it updated. Thanks.

 

[Interceptor]

Infosat launches first broadband satellite hub in Pakistan

Nov 08, 2006
Asia Satellite News

(Canada Newswire English via NewsEdge) Infosat Communications has formally completed its 22% investment in Pakistan’s Comstar ISA, a venture that will see both companies emerge as pioneers for the introduction of the latest in satellite communications technology into Pakistan for the very first time.

The expansion into this growing market for broadband solutions is already being seen as a turning point for businesses, enterprises, and government agencies in Pakistan wanting reliable operability and coverage for their communication needs.

The Satellite Broadband Hub is now commercially available throughout the country and will be known as the “Connect” solution. A VSAT network that can meet the needs of various sectors, including banking, oil and gas, and government organizations, is well on its way to fruition with several key projects already implemented.



© 2006 Canada Newswire Ltd

http://www.telecomasia.net/article.php?id_article=2645

-------------------------

This has relevence on the Satellite project, a commercial solution.

 

[Cheetah786]

Right I will explain what is required by the way its her father who launched the SUPARCO and its Benazir who lauched the rocket factory that produces Missiles for Pakistan, and it was her government who took the space program seriouse she pushed the space program led to the launch of the satellites. The requirements for a space program.

Pakistan require increased budget on the program so that more R&D can develop, it requires more Universeties it requires more an advance setup of Steal mills and advance network of metallurgist, a independent institute for aerodynamics and this leads to quality testing.

The topic is about setallites therefore there is a clear need of advanced semiconductors institute of development and this also requires R&D there is a need of management of quility as the silicon must be of the most purest quality and there must not be any bad quality silicon
as this will cause bad performanc for the semiconductor. There will be a requirement of training and testing institute and the study can be done by advanced engineers from industry or Universeties.

There is a lot more I will explain later.

Don't get me wrong i understand your passion for Bhutto.
but thats exactly where the problem lies.BIBI isn't Bhutto she will never be.

you see i agree with ya with R&D and all. the difference is while Bhutto was really passionate about all his country and actually wanted to make a difference. daughter is totally opposite.she had no interest in Pakistan only thing she and her hubby cares for is there own bank balance.
no one can deny Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's contribution to Pakistan.At the same time the damage done by BIBI is no joke either.she became chair person of PPP
No one is going to set up industry never mind heavy industry if the first question you as an investor is being asked whats in it for me.(MR 10%).

Russia provided all the heavy industries to china and India.while our friends gave us Dictators.and sold out leaders.

 

[Interceptor]

You need to read History Pakistans Steal mill was designed and constructed by Russia even to this day the Russians cant Believe they gave Pakistan a steel mill it was all done by Mr Bhutto.

Stop putting politics in this thread I wont accept the statements you say they are bias and political propoganda, I can Provide you with guidance; believe in knowlede struggle for knowlege and mentor non but yourself accept guidance and agree which does not mean total acceptance.

1990 July 16 - 00:40 GMT - Launch Site: Xichang. Launch Complex: LC2. Launch Pad: LC2. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2E. Model: Chang Zheng 2E. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2E CZ2E-1 (23).

* Badr-A Payload: Badr 1 + R&D. Mass: 52 kg (114 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Badr. Agency: Suparco. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 988 km (613 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 96.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 20685. Decay Date: 1990-12-08. First launch of new Chinese launch vehicle. Experimental Pakistani payload. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Level: 1.

http://www.astronautix.com/country/pakistan.htm

1989: According to Pakistani sources, Hatf-1 and Hatf-2 missiles are fired to ranges of 80 and 300 kilometers respectively. Pakistan and China also sign a ten-year cooperation agreement in defense science, technology and industry, including joint procurement, research and development, production and technology transfer.

1990: President Bush can no longer certify Pakistan has no nuclear weapons. The United States suspends military aid to Pakistan.

July 1990: Pakistan's first satellite, the 50 kg Badr-A (Badr-1), is launched as part of a test flight of China's Long March 2E booster, according to Aviation Week and Space Technology.

1991: The United States punishes two Chinese entities and Pakistan's SUPARCO for missile proliferation activities.

April 1991: The Washington Post reports that U.S. intelligence agencies have spotted what appears to be a number of launch vehicles for Chinese M-11 ballistic missiles in Pakistan.

December 1991: A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman announces that China's Ministry of Aerospace Industry and Pakistan's SUPARCO have signed an agreement on cooperation in the peaceful application of space sciences and technology.

January 1992: The New York Times cites senior Bush administration officials as stating that China has delivered guidance systems for M-11 ballistic missiles to Pakistan.

June 1992: The U.S. Department of Commerce amends the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) to clarify which destinations will require a validated license "when an exporter knows that the items will be used in the design, development, production or use of missiles." Pakistan's Hatf series is among the missile programs targeted.

1993: The United States punishes Pakistan's Ministry of Defense and ten Chinese entities for missile proliferation activities.

1994: Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto says the testing and deployment of India's Prithvi surface-to-surface missile "threatens to trigger a missile race in the subcontinent."

1995: U.S. intelligence says it has strong evidence that Pakistan is building storage sheds, mobile launchers and maintenance facilities at the Sargodha military airbase for Chinese-supplied M-11 missiles.

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/miss-miles2005.htm

Pakistan Derives its First "Hatf" Missiles from Foreign Space Rockets

The Risk Report
Volume 1 Number 8 (October 1995) Page 4

Pakistan's ability to construct its Hatf missiles grew out of cooperation with NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), the American space agency, which helped Pakistan launch sounding rockets in the 1960s. "Pakistan got into the missile business via the sounding rocket business," says a U.S. official who tracks missile proliferation.

In 1961, Pakistan set up the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) with the announced goal, not yet reached, of launching Pakistani satellites aboard Pakistani rockets. In June 1962, the United States launched the first rocket from Pakistani soil. The launch used a combination of two U.S. rocket motors the Nike and the Cajun. Fired from Sonmiani Beach, 50 kilometers west of Karachi, the rocket reached an altitude of almost 130 kilometers. The U.S. space agency NASA hailed the launch as the beginning of "a program of continuing cooperation in space research of mutual interest."

The NASA-SUPARCO cooperation agreement called for the training of Pakistani scientists and technicians at NASA space science centers. Before the June 1962 launch, NASA had begun to train Pakistani scientists at Wallops Island and the Goddard Space Flight Centers. NASA also set up fellowships and research associate programs at American universities for "advanced training and experience."

Europeans also aided Pakistan's early rocket development. France transferred technology to manufacture sounding rockets and German firms assisted in space research and supplied several tons of ammonium perchlorate, an ingredient of solid rocket fuel. Great Britain also helped with sounding rocket launches.

By the mid-1980s, Pakistan had "established its own rocket production plant where rockets required for high-altitude scientific research are manufactured," according to then-chairman of SUPARCO, Salim Mehmud. SUPARCO also built rocket test facilities, chemical and propellant laboratories, high-speed tracking radar and a laboratory to work on telemetry.

U.S. officials tell the Risk Report that Pakistan's first surface-to-surface missile is based on French sounding rocket technology an observation seconded by S. Chandrashekar, an engineer with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), who points to the similarities between the technical specifications of the Hatf missile and France's Dauphin rocket.

In an address at the National Defence College in Rawalpindi in February 1989, Pakistan's Army Chief of Staff General Mirza Aslam Beg announced that two indigenously manufactured surface-to-surface missiles had been tested. Beg claimed that the Hatf-1 and Hatf-2 missiles "are extremely accurate systems" that can carry 500-kilogram payloads to ranges of 80 and 300 kilometers respectively. However, U.S. officials doubt these claims. The Hatf-1 is an inaccurate battlefield rocket that can fly 80 kilometers, says one senior official, and "the Hatf-2 is just two Hatf-1s put together" and cannot fly 300 kilometers. "Neither missile is a very high-tech product," he adds. "The Chinese M-11 would be a much better missile choice for Pakistan."

The two Hatf missiles were tested again in February 1989 from mobile launching pads on the Mekran coast. Applauding the tests, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto congratulated the nation "for entering into the missile age by the successful firing of ground-to-ground missiles."

It is unclear whether either of the Hatf-series missiles has been put into serial production or deployed. U.S. officials say they "have not seen a lot of activity on the Hatf-2 lately," and would not be surprised if production had stopped. Pakistani engineers are now working on the more accurate Hatf-3, Pakistan's version of the Chinese M-11 missile.

Pakistan would like to build satellite launchers and longer-range missiles, but it is unclear how far it has progressed. In 1981, the head of SUPARCO announced plans to test a launcher by 1986, and the Pakistani press reported in early 1989 that a multi-stage rocket had successfully launched a 150-kilogram payload over 600 kilometers into "deep space."

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/hatf.html

DId Zia do this did Musharraf do this only Democracy did this.

December 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto travels to China and North Korea two months after being elected. There is evidence she is seeking cooperation in missile development. Soon after her visit, Pakistan begins a project to purchase and produce the Nodong, known in Pakistan as the "Ghauri."
—Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., "A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK," Occasional Paper No. 2, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, November 1999, p. 23.

26 December 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto denies international media reports that she will be discussing missile procurement or development during her two-day visit to North Korea, which is to begin on 29 December 1993. The Pyongyang visit, which immediately follows a meeting in Beijing, is at the invitation of the North Korean President Kim Il Sung.
—Radio Pakistan Network, 26 December 1993, in "Denies Possible Talks on Missiles," FBIS-NES-93-246, 27 December 1993, p. 57; Radio Pakistan Network, 27 December 1993, in "Departs for China," FBIS-NES-93-246, 27 December 1993, p. 57.

29 December 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto states in Beijing that Pakistan has purchased Chinese M-11 ballistic missiles because of the threat posed by Afghani Scuds and the Indian missile buildup.
—Jeffrey Parker, Reuters, 29 December 1993.

29 December 1993
Pakistan's Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto arrives in Pyongyang for a two-day state visit. Bhutto says she welcomes the ongoing talks between the United States and North Korea to diffuse the current nuclear crisis in North Korea.
&#8212;'DPRK, Pakistani Leaders call for Closer Asian Cooperation," Xinhua News Agency, 30 December 1993; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 31 December 1993, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

30 December 1993
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto urges the United States to lift the sanctions imposed on China and Pakistan for the transfer of the Chinese M-11 missiles. Bhutto states that "China and Pakistan have not violated the parameters of the MTCR [Missile Technology Control Regime] agreement and we regret the imposition of the sanctions." Ms. Bhutto calls on the United States to review its stand on the sanctions as they are based on "erroneous information." Wu Jianmin, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, also comments that the sanctions "were entirely unjustified and should be lifted."
&#8212;Sheila Tefft, "China, Pakistan Band Together in Opposition to U.S. Sanctions," Christian Science Monitor, 30 December 1993, The World, International, p. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 December 1993, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

30 December 1993
Pakistan's Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto leaves Pyongyang after having talks with North Korean President Kim Il Sung. Bhutto is accompanied in her talk by Foreign Minister Sardar Aseff Ahmad Ali and Minister of Defence Aftab Shaban Mirani. According to Pakistani officials, the Pakistani delegation left with plans for North Korea's Nodong missile.
&#8212;"Bhutto Ends Visit to North Korea," Agence France Presse, 30 December 1993, International News; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 December 1993, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>.

http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Pakistan/Missile/3068_3112.html

I want go back to the topic listen you have your silly opinions on a person who is the seed of Mr Bhutto she has lost more than half her family for Pakistan.

 

[Interceptor]

All of the above happened during her stay in the Government.

 

[Interceptor]

O yeah I forgot to add that Musharraf sold Pakistans Steal mill to a Russian company now for any metalurgist who requires to build a Commit system the Russian will now the Russians will tell India and the world about our Commit charge in metal design for tanks infact the Russian will now what type of metal we use for our space program, and we have to pay them for what ever we want to build. Well done Musharraf.

 

[Cheetah786]

O yeah I forgot to add that Musharraf sold Pakistans Steal mill to a Russian company now for any metalurgist who requires to build a Commit system the Russian will now the Russians will tell India and the world about our Commit charge in metal design for tanks infact the Russian will now what type of metal we use for our space program, and we have to pay them for what ever we want to build. Well done Musharraf.

lol yeah russian will tell all to india now that they own the steel mill.wait a minute they are the one provided us to begin with why didnt the tell that before to india.

You need to read History Pakistans Steal mill was designed and constructed by Russia even to this day the Russians cant Believe they gave Pakistan a steel mill it was all done by Mr Bhutto.

And you need to read it clearly.steel mill was set up and provided by russians who told you other wise .but what i said and like most politically cahrged you missed that part BIBI is not i repeat not BHUTTO.

Stop putting politics in this thread I wont accept the statements you say they are bias and political propoganda, I can Provide you with guidance; believe in knowlede struggle for knowlege and mentor non but yourself accept guidance and agree which does not mean total acceptance.

like i care if you accept the truth or not.when was the last time you were in Pakistan.whats your back ground in Pakistani business.
sitting in west you are making ridiculous statements and.iam to buy that.because you said so.
why is her husband called Mr 10%.

she lost half her family for pakistan wanna share with us all how.

we will continue this i have to run.

 

[Neo]

BADR-2 at SUPARCO

 

[Interceptor]

lol yeah russian will tell all to india now that they own the steel mill.wait a minute they are the one provided us to begin with why didnt the tell that before to india.

Yeah use your brian they provided it to Pakistan not owned it. You know little or nothing about the signifigance of the Steal mill it was built becuase of the Nuclear and SUPARCO program it would give Pakistan its own facility to help metaluragist rather than be dependent on forign elements.

Yeah what ever you only like hearing propoganda and carry on doing so.

 

[Interceptor]

Neo that construction is where the Badr B will be placed and this will be put in side the nose of the satillite rocket.

 

[Interceptor]

And that picture shows mulitiple payloads of satillites.

 

[Neo]

I downloaded the picture from Suparco Website. Imho the one in the left corner is BADR-2.